1 / 25

William H. Gerstenmaier November 6, 2012

RESEARCH ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION: PRESENT AND FUTURE. William H. Gerstenmaier November 6, 2012. Overview. International Space Station Accommodations Present and Future Space Science Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES)

amina
Download Presentation

William H. Gerstenmaier November 6, 2012

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. RESEARCH ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION: PRESENT AND FUTURE William H. Gerstenmaier November 6, 2012

  2. Overview • International Space Station Accommodations • Present and Future Space Science • Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) • Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) • Monitor of All-Sky X-ray Image (MAXI) • Cosmic Rays Energetics and Mass (CREAM) • Space Environment Data Acquisition (SEDA-AP) • Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE-III) • Solar Monitoring on Columbus (SOLAR) • Future Exploration Plans • The Radiation Problem

  3. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION OVERVIEW • Maintains an international crew of six people, • seven days a week, 24 hours a day • Orbits 220 miles above the Earth, circling every • 90 minutes at a speed of 17,500 miles per hour • The largest spacecraft ever built and the longest-inhabited object to ever orbit the Earth • Has hosted more than 200 people from 15 countries • A research and technology test-bed for scientific discovery that is improving human life and enabling future space exploration • Conducts microgravity research that • benefits humanity on earth and in space • More than 150 active research activities • Over a decade of ongoing research

  4. Overall Internal Accommodations Destiny Columbus Kibo 23 Internal Sites 1-8 payload locations per site 74% Occupied

  5. Overall External Accommodations ELC-3 ELC-2 AMS ESP-3 ELC-4 ELC-1 • External Logistics Carriers – ELC-1, ELC-2, ELC-3, ELC-4 • External Stowage Platforms – ESP-3 • Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer • Columbus External Payload Facility • Kibo External Payload Facility 23 External Sites 1-6 payload locations per site 35% Occupied in 2012 75% Occupied by 2014

  6. Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer LAUNCHED 2011

  7. Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

  8. Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) JPL ground trapped ion mercury clock Microwave Link Ground Terminal LAUNCHING 2015

  9. Monitor of All-Sky X-Ray Image (MAXI) On March 28, 2011, the Japanese MAXI Payload aboard ISS detected an intense X-ray source emanating from the constellation Draco. Confirmed by NASA’s SWIFT telescope, the X-ray burst was the result of a black hole consuming a neighboring star nearly 3.9 billion light years away. LAUNCHED 2009 Graphic Source: Goddard Simulation of the Event, JAXA/Rikken, ISS Program Scientist, NASA

  10. Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass (CREAM) LAUNCHING 2014

  11. Space Environment Data Acquisition (SEDA-AP) LAUNCHED 2009

  12. Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment-III (SAGE-III) LAUNCHING 2014

  13. Solar Monitoring on Columbus (SOLAR) LAUNCHED 2008

  14. A Fully Functional Satellite Bus External Truss Sites Mass: 11,000 lbs Volume: 30m2 Power: 3kW max, 113-126 VDC Data: Low Rate: MIL-STD-1553 1Mbsp High Rate: 95 Mbps (shared) Japanese Experiment Module – Exposed Facility Power: 3kW max, 113-126 VDC Data: Low Rate: MIL-STD-1553 <1Mbsp High Rate: 430 Mbps Ethernet: 10 Mbps Volume: 1.5m2 Mass: 1,100 lbs Standard Site 5,500 lbs Large Site International Standard Payload Racks (Internal) Power: 3, 6, or 12kW 114.5-126 VDC Data: Low Rate: MIL-STD-1553 1Mbsp High Rate: 100 Mbps Ethernet: 10 Mbps Video: NTSC Gases: Nitrogen, Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Helium Cooling: Moderate Temp: 16.1C – 18.3C Low Temp: 3.3C – 5.6C Vacuum: Venting 10-3 torr in less than 2 hours for single payload of 100 liters Vacuum Resource: 10-3 torr

  15. Capability Driven Exploration

  16. WAYSTATIONS IN SPACE

  17. Robotic/human cooperation • Is Human exploration worth the cost? • What does human exploration provide that Robotic exploration cannot provide? • Ultimately why do we explore? • Human exploration carries a burden life support, radiation management, etc.

  18. Why Are Humans Needed in the Exploration of the Solar System? • Given both that: • - Robots are expendable. • - Robots cannot be programmed for the Unknown. • It follows that: • Robots can be sent out for initial reconnaissance into the Unknown • without fear of loss. • - Humans can follow-up and discover what the robots missed. • - This follow-up can be done more effectively with Humans • working synergistically with robots on-site at a given • Solar System destination, • as opposed to humans operating remotely from Earth with • long light-travel communication delay times.

  19. The Space Radiation Problem • Space radiation is comprised of high-energy protons and heavy nuclei, and secondary protons, neutrons, and heavy ions produced in shielding • Unique damage to molecules, cells, and tissues occurs from heavy nuclei • No human data to estimate risk • Biology models must be applied or developed to estimate health risks • Shielding has excessive costs and will not eliminate galactic cosmic rays (GCR) Single GCR particles in photo-emulsions Leaving visible images Single GCR particles in cells and DNA breaks

  20. Space Radiation Environments • Galactic cosmic rays (GCR): penetrating protons and heavy nuclei - a biological science challenge • shielding is not effective • large biological uncertainties limits ability to evaluate risks and effectiveness of mitigations • Solar Particle Events (SPE): medium energy protons – a shielding, operational, and risk assessment challenge • shielding is effective; optimization needed to reduce weight • improved understanding of radiobiology needed to perform optimization • accurate event alert and responses is essential for crew safety GCR a continuum of ionizing radiation types Solar particle events and the 11-yr solar cycle

  21. AMS and NASA Radiation Safety Galactic cosmic-ray particles (GCR), which can induce ionizing radiation damage, vary in flux intensity in the solar system as a function of the 11 year solar cycle. - Reduced GCR during solar maximum. - Increased GCR during solar minimum. As successive solar cycles also vary in strength, updates to GCR radiation models are required for each solar cycle. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), as a 10 year science mission on the ISS, can provide useful GCR data for this upcoming solar cycle..

  22. Curiosity Radiation Assessment Detector LANDED 2012

  23. Concluding Thoughts • ISS is amazing international research facility • We need to maximize the use of this facility • ISS has a finite life and there needs to be an emphasis on effective and creative utilization • ISS supports discovery findings; Benefits for the people of Earth: and supports research needed for exploration of the solar system • ISS and space exploration gives us a unique perspective and can have profound impacts on the people of the earth • How can you utilize and be involved in ISS?

  24. VIDEO11

  25. VIDEO21

More Related