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有机化合物谱图解析

有机化合物谱图解析. 绪 论. 有机化合物结构鉴定 与有机波谱学. 结构鉴定 :. 紫外可见光谱 (UV-VIS); 红外(拉曼)光谱 (IR , Raman); 质谱 (MS); 核磁共振谱 (NMR); X 线衍射 ; 折射率 ; 电诱导率 ; 熔点 ; . 有机波谱学:. UV -VIS ; IR(Raman); MS; NMR. }. 分子式, 分子骨架连接. 发 展 历 史. 三十年代. UV. } 官能团. 四十年代. IR. 五十年代.

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有机化合物谱图解析

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  1. 有机化合物谱图解析

  2. 绪 论 有机化合物结构鉴定 与有机波谱学 结构鉴定: 紫外可见光谱 (UV-VIS); 红外(拉曼)光谱 (IR,Raman); 质谱 (MS); 核磁共振谱 (NMR); X线衍射; 折射率; 电诱导率; 熔点;  有机波谱学: UV -VIS ; IR(Raman); MS; NMR

  3. } 分子式, 分子骨架连接 发 展 历 史 三十年代 UV } 官能团 四十年代 IR 五十年代 NMR MS NMR: 详细 MS: 分子量 IR: 主要官能团 一般无UV数据 一般文献给出的数据:

  4. NMR的发展 第一阶段 45 ~ 46年:F. Bloch 和 E. M. Purcell 两个小组几乎同时发现NMR现象 50年代初:NMR首次应用于有机化学 60年代初:Varian Associates A60 Spectrometer 问世,NMR开始广泛应用

  5. 第二阶段 70年代:Fourier Transform的应用 13C-NMR技术(碳骨架) (GC,TLC,HPLC技术的发展) 第三阶段 80年代:Two-dimensional (2D) NMR诞生 (COSY,碳骨架连接顺序,非键原 子间距离,生物大分子结构,……)

  6. 对NMR作过贡献的12位Nobel奖得主 1. 1944: I. Rabi 2. 1952: F. Bloch 3. 1952: E.M. Purcell 4. 1955: W.E. Lamb 5. 1955: P. Kusch 6. 1964: C.H. Townes 7. 1966: A. Kastler 8. 1977: J.H. Van Vleck 9. 1981: N. Bloembergen 10. 1983: H. Taube 11. 1989: N.F. Ramsey 12. 1991: R.R. Ernst

  7. Characteristics of Important Spectrometric Methods H-1 C-13 MS IR/RAMAN UV-VIS ORD/CD X-RAY Radiation type RF RF — IR UV to Vis UV to Vis X-ray Spectral scale 0-15 0-220 50-4000 400-4000 200-800 185-600 — Typical units ppm ppm amu cm-1 nm nm Average sample  1mg  5mg <1mg <1mg <1mg <1mg Molecular formula Partial Partial Yes No No No Yes Functional groups Yes Yes Limited Yes Very limited Very limited Yes Substructures Yes limited Yes limited limited No Yes Carbon connectivity Yes Yes No No No No Yes Substitute Yes Yes No Limited No No Yes regiochemistry Substitute Yes Yes No Limited No No Yes stereochemistry Analysis of Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes isomer mixtures (GC, LC/MS) (GC/IR) (if separate) Purity information Yes Yes Yes Yes Limited Limited Limited Single crystal

  8. Steps in establishing a molecular structure Dereplicate by MF Molecular formula Unsaturation number Working 2D structures MS, NMR Functional groups NMR, IR Draw all isomers UV List of working 2D structures Pure compound Dereplicate by structure Substructures NMR NMR, MS, IR,UV X-RAY Very secure 3D molecular structure Reasonable 3D molecular structure New 2D molecular structure Known molecular structure NMR ORD Molecular modeling Total synthesis

  9. 应用领域广泛 化学,生物,化工,冶金,医药,临床,食品,环境,军事,体育,考古,……

  10. C60的13C-NMR谱的单谱线证据

  11. C70的13C-NMR谱

  12. 参 考 书 • 唐恢同,《有机化合物的光谱鉴定》,北京大学出版社,1992年 • 孟令芝,何永炳,《有机波谱分析》,武汉大学出版社,1997年 • 陈洁,宋启泽,《有机波谱分析》,北京理工大学出版社,1996年 • 裘祖文,裴奉奎,《核磁共振波谱》,科学出版社,1989年 • 毛希安译,P.R. Ernst, et.al., 《一维和二维核磁共振原理》,科学出版社,1997年

  13. 参 考 书 • L. M. Harwood, et al., “Introduction to Organic Spectroscopy”, Oxford University Press, 1997 • D.H. Williams, et.al., “Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry”, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1995 • R.M. Silverstein, et.al., “Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds”, 6th ed., Jhon Wiley & Sons, 1998

  14. 其他事项 • 课件下载: ftp.chem.tsinghua.edu.cn/pub/study/liy/undergraduate • 答疑时间:周四晚上7:00~8:00 • 联系方式: 电话:62788971(O); 13910051848 Email: liy@chem.tsinghua.edu.cn • 作业:独立完成、不限时间 • 考试:开卷,占70%左右

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