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Animal Testing: The History

Animal Testing: The History. Matthew Moiczek Ryan Evans Randy Barnes. The start of a Revolution. Goes back to ancient Greece Aristotle and Erasistratus were two of the first men to conduct experiments on live animals An Arabic physician in the 12 th century, Avenzoar, was:

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Animal Testing: The History

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  1. Animal Testing:The History Matthew Moiczek Ryan Evans Randy Barnes

  2. The start of a Revolution • Goes back to ancient Greece • Aristotle and Erasistratus were two of the first men to conduct experiments on live animals • An Arabic physician in the 12th century, Avenzoar, was: • First to use dissection • Intro’d an experimental method of surgery on animals before humans

  3. Basic Advances • 1242- Circulation of blood described • Later improved by William Harvey’s research • 18th Century- Antoine Lavoisier uses guinea pigs -> proves respiration was a form of combustion • Stephen Hales measures blood pressure in a horse

  4. Basic Advances Cont’d • 1780’s-Luigi Galvani- found link between electricity and reanimation • Advances into the ECG • 1880’s- Louis Pasteur -> Germ theory • 1890’s- Ivan Pavlov described classical conditioning using a dog • 1921- Otto Loewi gives strong evidence in neuronal communication w/ target cells

  5. And many more advances… • 1920’s- Edgar Adrian -> theory of neural communication • Awarded the Noble Peace Prize • 60’s (WOOHOO)- David Hubel & Torsten Wiesel -> macro columnar organization in certain areas of animals • Physiological evidence for critical period for development of disparity sensitivity in vision • Nobel Peace Prize were awarded to these individuals as well

  6. Just one more… • 1996- the very first mammal ever to be cloned from an adult cell is born: DOLLY THE SHEEP!!!!!!!!

  7. Out of the many Medical Advances,here are only a few… • 1940’s- John Cade tests lithium salts in guinea pigs for pharmaceuticals with anticonvulsant properties • Revolutionized treatment of manic-depressives by the 1970’s • Prior: manic depressives were treated with lobotomy or electro-convulsive therapy

  8. Since there are too many more advances and it would fill about 20 more power points, here’s one more…. • 1960’s- Albert Starr revolutionized heart valve replacement surgery in humans with surgical advances in dogs • Received the Lasker Medical Award in 2007

  9. Laws • 1822- The 1stanimal protection law was enacted in Britain • 1876- The Animal Cruelty Acts followed • Both aimed at regulating animal testing

  10. Sadly, I must leave now… 

  11. Sites: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_animal_testing • http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/science-technology/animal-testing/ • http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Animal_testing • http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&source=hp&q=animal+testing&btnG=Google+Search&aq=0&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=Animal+testing&gs_rfai=CBoNJ5VDhTNLPMpuygASV9MzaAQAAAKoEBU_Q76s3 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)

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