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Mattathias d. 166 BC

HEROD and the HASMONEANS. Mattathias d. 166 BC. John d. 160 BC. Simon High Priest 142-135 BC. Judas High Priest 165-162 BC. Eliezer d. 162 BC. Jonathan High Priest d. 166 BC. John Hyrcanus I Ruled 134-104 BC. Mattathias d. 134 BC. Judah d. 134 BC. Aristobulus I Ruled

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Mattathias d. 166 BC

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  1. HEROD and the HASMONEANS Mattathias d. 166 BC John d. 160 BC Simon High Priest 142-135 BC Judas High Priest 165-162 BC Eliezer d. 162 BC Jonathan High Priest d. 166 BC John Hyrcanus I Ruled 134-104 BC Mattathias d. 134 BC Judah d. 134 BC Aristobulus I Ruled 104-103 BC Alexander Janneus Ruled 103-76 BC Antigonus d. 107 BC Absalom ? Alexandra Salome Ruled 76-67 BC Aristobulus II Ruled (POMPEY) 66-63 BC Contested the Throne Hyrcanus II High Priest / King 75-66, 63-40 BC Alexandra Antipater HEROD the Great Ruled 37-4 BC Antigonus Ruled (UNDER PARTHIANS) 40-37 BC Alexander d. 53 BC Phasaelus Mariamne I Married to Herod the Great

  2. ANTIPATER 48 – 43 BC “Procurator of Judea” Supporter of Hyrcanus II HEROD AGRIPPA II AD 50 – 92 ***Last Herod!*** Doris 37 BC - Divorced ANTIPATER Removed as Heir II HEROD AGRIPPA I AD 37 – 44 ARISTOBULUS 7 BC Executed Hasmonean Mariamne(1) 29 BC - Executed Hasmonean I Bernice HEROD THE GREAT 43 – 37 BC “Tetrarch of Judea” 37 – 4 BC “King of Judea” ALEXANDER 7 BC Executed Hasmonean Herodias PHASEAL 43 – 40 BC “Tetrarch of Judea” Killed during Parthian invasion I Glaphyra Mariamne(2) 5 BC – Divorced Jewish HEROD PHILIP 5 BC – Removed as Heir Herodias III Malthake Samaritan Salome Cleopatra “of Jerusalem” JUDEA, SAMARIA, AND IDUMEA GALILEE AND PEREA ITUREA AND TRACHONITIS Archelaus 4 BC – AD 6 “Ethnarch of Judea” Philip 4 BC – AD 34 “Tetrarch” Herod Antipas 4 BC – AD 36 “Tetrarch” Will IV Will Will Salome Herodias Glaphyra

  3. ITUREA HEROD’S WILL GALILEE TRACHONITIS Archelaus “Ethnarch” of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea Herod Antipas “Tetrarch” of Galilee and Perea Philip “Tetrarch” of Itureaand Trachonitas Decapolis SAMARIA PEREA JUDEA IDUMEA

  4. Rise of Roman Control The Demise of Archelaus Joint embassy of Jews and Samaritans complain of injustice Archelausis dismissed by Augustus and his estate is liquidated Augustus Calls for another Census of Judea This census was carried out by Quirinius, Governor of Syria This apparently conflicts with Luke 2:2 A Jewish man from Gamala rebelled over this census (Acts 5:37) This revolt was the beginning of the Zealots as a major party

  5. Roman Governors Under Augustus Coponius as Governor (AD 6-9) First Roman Prefect of Judea Kept custody of High Priestly garments in Antonian Fortress Seat of the Government is moved from Jerusalem to Caesarea Roman governors resided in Jerusalem only during festivals This is why Pilate is in Jerusalem at the time of Jesus’ trial Samaritan uprising occurs during Coponius’s rule Bones are spread in the sacred precincts of the Temple This was likely an effort to defile the Jewish Temple in favor of their own This adds to the Good Samaritan and the Samaritan woman at the well

  6. Roman Governors Under Augustus Marcus Ambivius (AD 9-12) Little is known Name might have been “Amphiboulos” Annius Rufus (AD 12-15) In office when Augustus dies (August 19, AD 14) Replaced when the new Emperor comes to power

  7. Rise of Tiberius Julius Caesar Tiberius Claudius Nero/Tiberius Julius Caesar (AD 14-37) Mother divorced Claudius Nero and married Caesar Augustus Marcus Vispasianus Agrippa was originally the heir-apparent Agrippa’s death put Tiberius next in line being the step-son Note: Agrippa was close friends with Herod the Great Tiberius was a good general but a bad emperor It seems that Tiberius did not want to be Caesar He moved to the Island of Capri after AD 26 Did not attend any meetings of the senate Sejanus, his commander of the Praetorian Guard, governed for him

  8. Rise of Tiberius Julius Caesar Sejanus and Tiberius Sejanus was anti-Jewish in his policies and in practice He expelled the Jews from Rome He persecuted the Jews in Alexandria, Egypt Sejanus is likely the one who appointed Pontius Pilate Sejanus plotted to overthrow Tiberius in Tiberius’s absence Tiberius finds out and returns to Rome and has Sejanus executed Sejanus supporters are also interrogated and executed This might explain why the Jewish reference to Pilate as not being a “Friend of Caesar” was so effective in manipulating his decision during the trial of Jesus since he was likely a supporter of Sejanus

  9. Roman Governors Under Tiberius The Change in Policy under Tiberius Augustus switched governors every three years Tiberius gave governors much longer terms (parable of the flies) ValeriusGratus (AD 15-26) Changed High Priest four times during his time as governor The first High Priest he removed was Annas (Ananus in Josephus) The last High Priest he chose was Joseph Caiaphas Changing the High Priest was likely a means of gaining money

  10. Pontius Pilatus The Roman Standards Affair Pilate secretly brought military standards into Jerusalem at night The people protested, following him back to Caesarea Pilate threatens to have them executed The Jews gathered lay their necks bare for the executioner Pilate, not wanting an early bloodbath, removed the standards The Guilded Shields Affair Pilate sought to dedicate Roman shields to be hung in the temple Jews protest to Tiberius and Pilate is ordered to stand down

  11. Pontius Pilatus The Temple Aquaduct Affair Pilate secures funds from temple treasury to build an aquaduct The aquaduct was a great benefit to the temple Pilate may even have done this as a political gesture of good will Temple authorities saw it as a secular use of sacred funds Crowds gather to protest and are forcibly broken up This is likely what is referenced in Luke 13:1

  12. Pontius Pilatus Pilate and the Trial of Jesus Sejanus, Pilate’s patron, falls from power in AD 31 Pilate’s fear of uprising and reprisals from Caesar may be due to his insecurity following the execution of his patron The better choice for the trial of Jesus between AD 30 and 33 would more likely be the latter Pilate is removed from power in AD 36 Tradition has him being exiled to Vienne in Gaul (France) Tradition also has him committing suicide (sources are late)

  13. Pontius Pilatus Pilate and Archeology Archeology had questioned the existance of Pontius Pilate An inscription found in Caesarea settled it showing that Pilate was clearly historical TIBERIEVM VSPILATVS ECTVSIVDE • …S • PONTI • A • PRAEF

  14. Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Emperor Caligula (AD 37-41) “Caligula” means “little combat boots” Nickname came from the mini uniform he wore as a child Rise to Power Son of Germanicus, a famous Roman general Caesar Augustus was his mother’s grandfather He was very popular with the people He promised change from the unpopular reign of Tiberius Note: One of his best friends was Herod Agrippa I (Herod of Acts 12)

  15. Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Descent into Madness Caligula did well in the first six months of his reign He became deathly ill and came back a “new man” Required the death of those who had promised their lives to the gods should he recover Appointed his sister as heir, breeding many rumors Built the ultimate bridge to nowhere Had himself deified while still alive and built a temple in his own honor Deified his sister upon her untimely death Entertained every form of immorality

  16. Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Roman Governor of Judea Marcellus (Marrullus), who was appointed by Tiberius Caligula did not make changes to the governor of Judea Military Achievements Germania Campaign is interrupted by conspiracy Caligula executes some of his high officials and returns to Rome Britania Caligula marched his armies to the shores across from Britain He orders his men to collect sea shells as spoil and returns to Rome

  17. Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus The Assassination of Caligula/Gaius Stabbed by Three Praetorian Guards in a secluded hallway. Some of the Senate were in on the assassination plot Other members of the imperial line were also executed Praetorian Guards placed Claudias into power First of many power moves made by the Praetorian Guard The Senate opposed Claudius at first Herod Agrippa I helped to negotiate between the Claudius and the Senate

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