What are your thoughts about this?

1. What are your thoughts about this? Video Link

2. Psychotherapy: …it is a planned emotionally charged confiding interaction between a trained professional and a sufferer. Video Clip

3. Major Theories used in treatment: • Psychoanalysis, Humanistic, Behavioral, Cognitive • Biomedical • We will look at each in terms of aims, methods, and limitations/criticisms.

4. Those who provide treatment: • Psychologist- doctoral degree that includes training in diagnosis and treatment of disorders. • Psychiatrist- M.D. who specializes in treatments of psychological orders. • Social Worker- part of a team in monitoring treatments. • Counselor- provides limited psychotherapy to those who do not have serious mental problems.

5. Ethics: • All information must be kept confidential. • One exception- if the patient threatens to hurt someone else.

6. Psychoanalytic Treatment Aims: • Problems stem from childhood anxiety. • Insight therapy helps patients develop an understanding of inner conflicts. • Freud founding father of Psychoanalysis. • Psychodynamic therapists are the more modern adaptation.

7. Psychoanalytic Treatment Methods: • Emphasizes the importance of the unconscious mind and historical reconstruction. • Free Association- verbalization of any thoughts or feelings that come to conscious mind. • Dream Analysis- a patient’s unfulfilled wishes and desires are part of latent dream content. • Insight (interpretation) is offered. • Video

8. Humanistic Therapy Aims: • Emphasize a persons inherent potential for self-fulfillment. • Grow in self-awareness and self acceptance. • Focus on conscious thoughts, responsibility, growth, the present, and future. • Video

9. Humanistic Therapy Methods: • Client-centered therapy- focus on self perception rather than therapist interpretation. • Client and Therapist are equal parts of the healing process. • Emphasis is on active listening. • Client-centered therapy must have 3 conditions for it to work: • Genuineness • Unconditional positive regard • Empathy • Group Therapy • Family Therapy

10. Behavior Therapy Aims: • Emphasis on changing learned behaviors rather than understanding feelings. • Evolved out of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. • Common applications- Anxiety and Phobic Disorders. • Video

11. Behavior Therapy Methods: • Counterconditioning- • Systematic Desensitization- gradual decrease in anxiety by creating new associations for the stimulus. (virtual therapy) • Aversion Therapy- creates an unpleasant response to a previously enjoyable stimulus. (Antabuse) • Operant Conditioning- behavior modification, token economy.

12. Cognitive Therapy Aims: • Thinking controls our feelings. • Teach people new ways of thinking. • Used widely for depression. • Video

13. Cognitive Therapy Methods: • Therapist help clients to reverse negative beliefs. • Positive thinking exercises. • Cognitive-Behavior Therapy- • Integrates two styles. • Change the way we act and think.

14. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: • Combines the previous two approaches. • Commonly referred to as CBT. • Video

15. The Biomedical Therapies These include physical, medicinal, and other forms of biological therapies. • Drug Treatments • Surgery • Electric-shock therapy Used if: • The client is too agitated, disoriented, or unresponsive for psychotherapy. • The disorder has a strong biological component. • Dangerous to themselves or others.

16. Psychiatric Drugs

17. Psychosurgery

18. Biomedical Therapy Aims: • Specific medical procedures and medications that can help relieve symptoms of disorders. • Most often used in conjunction with talk therapy.

19. Biomedical Therapy Methods: • Drug therapy • Medications are divided into 4 categories: • Anti-psychotics-similar to dopamine • Anti-depressants-increase norepinephrine and serotonin • Anti-convulsants • Anti-anxiety • They reduce or increase activity at all receptor sites for NT. • Video of how NT and drugs (Zoloft) work. • Electroconvulsive- Shock therapy used to treat depression. rTMS modern approach. • Psychosurgery- least used. eg. Lobotomy

20. Evaluating Psychotherapies Within psychotherapies cognitive therapies are most widely used, followed by psychoanalytic and family/group therapies.

21. The Relative Effectiveness of Different Therapies Which psychotherapy would be most effective for treating a particular problem?