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Shaft Couplings: Types, Advantages, and Applications

This article provides an introduction to shaft couplings and explores the different types of rigid and flexible couplings, including universal joints. It covers their advantages, disadvantages, and applications.

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Shaft Couplings: Types, Advantages, and Applications

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  1. Topics • Introduction • Rigid Couplings • Flexible Couplings • Universal Joints • Note: Please refer to chapter 13 Shaft Coupling and Alignment in the text.

  2. Introduction • Shaft couplings: Sleeves that provide a connection between shafts rotating at high speeds to transmit torque and power. • Three types of couplings: - Rigid coupling - Flexible coupling - Universal joints

  3. Rigid Shaft Couplings • No compensation for misalignment. • Misalignments are transferred as bending moments and shear. • Used to extend shaft lengths. • Advantages: - They need little maintenance - They do not need lubrication • Disadvantages: - Only can be used in very slow shaft applications - Shafts need to be very precisely aligned. Types of Rigid Couplings: • Rigid Sleeve Coupling • Ribbed Sleeve Coupling • Flanged Sleeve Coupling

  4. Flexible Shaft Couplings • Can accommodate shaft misalignment. • Flexible couplings can absorb torsional and shock loads, and damp vibrations. Types of Flexible Couplings: • Nonmetallic (elastomeric) Flexible Coupling • Metallic Flexible Coupling

  5. Nonmetallic Flexible Couplings • Jaw Couplings: two hubs separated by an asterisk-shaped spider. • Flexible Sleeve Couplings: an elastomeric sleeve (also called donut) is used in between the hubs. Power and torque transmission is done by twisting the sleeve. Its main advantage is that it can tolerate high degrees of misalignment. Flexible Sleeve Coupling Jaw Coupling

  6. Tire Couplings: here torque is transmitted also by twisting the elastomeric tire. Used for applications where there are high transients and shock loads. They can also accommodate high misalignment and parallel offset. • Donut Couplings: The hubs are screwed to the center element. • Pin and Bushing Couplings • Pin and Disc Couplings • Elastomeric Sleeve Gear Couplings

  7. Metallic Flexible Couplings • Grid Couplings: torque is transmitted through the grid spring. Used in applications where all metallic couplings is required with ability to dampen vibrations. Needs lubrication. • Gear Couplings: used in high power and high torque applications.

  8. Metallic Flexible Couplings • Disc Couplings • Chain Couplings: not used often, have limited misalignment accommodation capability, and does not accommodate vibrations as good as other flexible couplings. Chain Coupling

  9. Universal Joints • Single universal joints: accommodate misalignment only • Double universal joints: accommodate both misalignment and parallel offset.

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