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Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbines. Students Vincent Duplantier Florian Feyt Hoai Dang Leu Teachers Jacques Bernard Mary Ann Flannery. Plan. Presentation of Hydraulic Turbines Hydraulic turbines overview Hydroelectric plant installation Three types of Hydraulic Turbines

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Hydraulic Turbines

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  1. Hydraulic Turbines Students Vincent Duplantier FlorianFeyt Hoai Dang Leu Teachers Jacques Bernard Mary Ann Flannery

  2. Plan • Presentation of Hydraulic Turbines • Hydraulic turbines overview • Hydroelectric plant installation • Three types of Hydraulic Turbines • Choice method of Hydraulic Turbines Conclusion

  3. Presentation of Hydraulic Turbines

  4. Hydraulic Turbines overview • Hydraulic turbines : liquid turns blades to produce rotation • Potential/Kinetic power -> Mechanical Power -> Electric power • Hydroelectricity • Advantages : Clean and Renewable • Disadvantages : damage of ecosystem, loss of land

  5. Hydraulic Turbines overview Components of a Turbine : Runner : rotational part (Shaft + blades) Diffuser (at output) : channel-shaped increasing in size Distributor : optional component at the input that controls the angle of attack

  6. Hydraulic Plant installation Flow: small head, high velocity (river) Flow: great head (in reservoir)

  7. The Pelton turbine Action turbine No diffuser High operating head The wheelis not submerged The number of openednozzle changes the power

  8. The Francis turbine Reaction turbine Change of the flow pressure Operating headbetween 20 and 500 meters Two main components: upstream guide vanne and runner

  9. The Kaplan turbine • Evolution of the Francis turbine • The guidvanes and runneradapted to the waterflow • High efficiency for a wide range of water flow • Can beused as a pump for Storage pumping

  10. Turbines runners

  11. Choice method of hydraulic turbines

  12. Choice method of hydraulic turbines • Magnet • 2 poles • Magnetic field • + winding = electric current • Alternator • Produces alternating electric power • Qualified by the number of magnetic poles

  13. Choice method of hydraulic turbines Alternator • Electric Network • Stable characteristics • Frequency : 50 Hz • Alternator Frequency • Speed of the rotor • Number of poles

  14. Choice method of hydraulic turbines 4 pairs 750 rpm 40 pairs – 75 rpm • For a sameelectricfrequency (50 Hz) : • Low speed manypoles • High speed lesspoles • Manypoles = expensive

  15. Choice method of hydraulic turbines N Characteristics of water flow and turbine Power of the turbine: Angular velocity:

  16. Choice method of hydraulic turbines Comparison of the specific speed withwidelybuilt turbines

  17. Conclusion

  18. Conclusion Norway – 98% Brazil – 86 % Canada – 61 % • One of the first sources of electricity High technological level and mastery  Great efficiency • The main source of renewable energy • High percentage of total electricity production is hydroelectricity in some countries

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