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Introduction to the Computer System

Introduction to the Computer System. Simplified PC Block Diagram. CPU-Central Processing Unit. The CPU also called a processor is considered to be the brain of the computer system. Function

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Introduction to the Computer System

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  1. Introduction to the Computer System

  2. Simplified PC Block Diagram

  3. CPU-Central Processing Unit • The CPU also called a processor is considered to be the brain of the computer system. • Function • To retrieve program instructions from the computers primary memory (i.e. RAM and ROM) , interpret these instructions and to generate timing and control signals to implement these instructions.

  4. Processors Families • Intel AMD • 8088 -- Athlon • 80286 -- Duron • 80386sx • 80386dx • 80486sx • 80486dx • Pentium

  5. Processor Packaging • PGA (Pin Grid Array) • SEC (Single Edge Contact)

  6. Processor Facts • Clock speed:Given in megahertz (MHz) or higher (GHz), the clock speed determines how many instructions per second the processor can execute. Also called clock rate, the speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. • BUS: A series of conductors used to facilitate communication between the various components inside the computer .

  7. RAM-Random Access Memory • This memory is considered to be the working memory of the PC. It is termed the working memory because it is used to run application programs . • Characteristics • Volatile: That is, the information stored in this memory device is lost when power is removed.

  8. Memory Packages • DIP -Dual Inline Package • SIMM-Single Inline Memory Module • DIMM – Dual Inline Memory Module • RIMM – Rambus Inline Memory Module

  9. ROM – Read Only Memory • ROM also known as BIOS is used to store programs and data that must be available to the computer when power is initially turned on . • Programs Stored in ROM • POST : Power on self test • Bootstrap Loader • Setup Utility • Device Drivers NB: BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input Output System

  10. BIOS Code Writers • AMD • AWARD • Phoenix

  11. Categories of PCs • XT- Extended Technology: This refers to a computer system built around an 8088 processor. • AT – Advanced Technology: This refers to a computers built around an 80286 or later processor

  12. Storing Configuration Information • XTs use DIP switches to store their configuration information. • ATs use CMOS RAM (NVRAM) to store their configuration information.

  13. Form Factor • Form factor refers to size, shape and general layout of computer motherboards and cases. • Types of Form Factors • AT • ATX

  14. AT Motherboard

  15. ATX Motherboard

  16. Block Diagram of Workable Computer System

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