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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Spreadsheets and Business Graphics: Facts and Figures. What is an electronic spreadsheet?. electronic spreadsheet - a computerized version of a paper spreadsheet designed to process information that is primarily numeric using a tabular layout VisiCalc - first spreadsheet program

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Spreadsheets and Business Graphics: Facts and Figures

  2. What is an electronic spreadsheet? • electronic spreadsheet - a computerized version of a paper spreadsheet • designed to process information that is primarily numeric using a tabular layout • VisiCalc - first spreadsheet program • introduced in 1979 • changed perceptions about the usefulness of PC’s

  3. Basic terms • worksheet (spreadsheet) - a grid-like arrangement of locations for storing data • cell - a storage area in a worksheet • row - a horizontal arrangement of cells (numbered) • column - a vertical arrangement of cells (lettered) • cell address - a unique way of identifying the location of a cell (column letter, row number) ex: B7 • active cell - cell that is currently being accessed • range - group of cells that form a rectangular shape • designated by top left and bottom right cell

  4. Basic terms range (I5:K15) worksheet row column cell

  5. How the process works • enter data into worksheet • enter types of calculations (formulas) needed • automatic recalculation - formulas are automatically recomputed when data is entered/changed • save and/or print worksheet • can use data to generate charts, graphs, etc.

  6. Data types • numbers - values that may be manipulated arithmetically (ex: 125, 83.2, -16000) • labels (text) - words and/or phrases that describe the contents of the worksheet • formulas - mathematical expressions used to compute values • user defined • built-in functions

  7. Formulas • basic arithmetic operators: • * multiply / divide • + add - subtract • parentheses () alter the order of operations • formulas usually start with an equal sign (=) • use cell addresses whenever possible • examples: • =B2 + B3 - C5 • =(d7 + d8 + d9)/3 • =J19 * M21 - B3 + C11

  8. Formulas - built-in functions • pre-programmed formulas for commonly performed operations • examples: sum, average, min, stdev • user must know the name of the function (or look it up) and specify the cells to apply the function to • range - group of cells arranged in a rectangular unit - defined by top left and bottom right corners • examples: =sum(D5:D53) • =average(B2, D5, E7)

  9. Using formulas • most worksheets require the same formula to be applied to several rows or columns • create required formula for one row/column • use the fill command to copy the formula to the remaining rows/columns • cell addresses will automatically change to the correct row/column because of relative cell referencing

  10. Relative cell referencing vs absolute cell referencing • relative cell references - default method for recording addresses • allows the program to automatically adjust/change row/column coordinates if a formula is copied or moved • absolute cell references - stops the program from adjusting an address in a formula • example: = $F$7 + $B$5

  11. Other capabilities - formatting • formatting the worksheet can include: • adjusting column width and row height • including headers/footers • hiding, inserting, deleting columns/rows • formatting the contents of cell(s) can include: • size, font, color, justification, emphasis, numeric format

  12. Other capabilities - printing • set print area • print preview • hide columns/rows • turn grid (on/off) • designate page orientation • portrait (default), landscape • set margins

  13. Other capabilities - graphics • Once data is entered an electronic spreadsheet can automatically create a graph or chart using the data • common types of charts: • bar graph • column graph • pie chart • line graph • scatter diagram

  14. Other capabilities - database related features • spreadsheet programs may provide some limited database capabilities • most common example - sorting • ability to rearrange contents of worksheet in some logical manner

  15. Other features - security • worksheets can be password protected to prevent unauthorized access • critical formulas in a worksheet can be protected • data cannot be altered without authorization

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