380 likes | 495 Views
Ontologies &. t hing entity continuant dependent_continuant specifically_dependent_continuant realizable_entity disposition vector_borne_disease. Tropical disease burden in SSA. Global malaria burden. Malaria incidence rate. Dengue incidence. VBD in the USA. Malaria.
E N D
Ontologies & thing entity continuant dependent_continuant specifically_dependent_continuant realizable_entity disposition vector_borne_disease
The Malaria problem • - Good drugs exist, but pathogens are • increasingly resistant. • Most drugs are too expensive: a typical disease of poverty. • No vaccine available. • Chemotherapy works well for individual • patient but not for area-wide control.
With the exception of the yellow fever, for which an effective vaccine exists, vector-borne diseases have only been controlled through the control of their arthropod vectors (insecticides, physical protection, environmental management). Examples range from Malaria (Anopheline mosquitoes - e.g. Europe, Latin America, etc.), to American trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ disease - kissing bugs), to Onchocerciasis (River blindness - simulid flies), to…
The historic solution: DDT (and other insecticides)
Insecticide Resistance is a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species. Insecticide resistance is a population phenotype, it is the result of natural selection!
Insecticide Resistance: management • (Develop new insecticides with a different mode of action). • Use more than one insecticides with a different mode of action (alternating, combinatorial, chessboard). • Efficient monitoring in combination with above.
MIRO & IRBase • Originally non-BFO, now also integrated into IDOMAL. Stand-alone MIRO is being expanded to cover agricultural pests. • Domains: Insecticides (ChEBI), biological material, resistance mechanisms, methods (future: OBI?), Geo and environment (GAZ & ENVO) • IRBase: has been integrated into the new PopGen section of VectorBase (cross-talk to transmission, population genetics, genome, etc.)
The example of Insecticide Resistance: Aedes aegypti, 2098 records
The example of Insecticide Resistance: Aedes aegypti, 2098 records
The example of Insecticide Resistance: Aedes aegypti - DDT, 133 records
IDO EuPathDB IDOCHA MDSS IDOMAL VectorBase DDSS VIPR IDODEN GO, ChEBI, GAZ, ENVO, OBI, etc.
vector control malaria immunology insecticide resistance geography GAZ environment ENVO symptoms & signs antimalarial drugs, resistance insecticidal substances IDOMAL vector biology etc... IR methodology remedies & natural products malaria transmission vector pop. biol. & genet. malaria epidemiology and more…
is_a participates_in MIRO: resistance assay CHEBI: insecticide OBI/MIRO: assay IDOMAL: Transmission detection assay is_a has_output is_a MIRO: resistance PATO: Phenotype has_input has_output has_quality MIRO: Organism VB_CV: genotype IDOMAL: Human biting rate Sporozoite rate Parous rate Vectorial capacity IDOMAL: Human population has_member VB_CV/MIRO: Mosquito population Season + Geolocation + Human population + Mosq. population located_in has_output is_a GAZ: Geolocation OBI/MIRO: collection assay is_a has_quality is_about has_input ENVO : Environmental conditions e.g. Rice field, Irrigation scheme, swamp, altitude, av. temperature, annual rainfall, av. humidity GAZ: Country, Province, District, GPS coordinates IDOMAL: Season IDOMAL: Malaria control measures
is_a participates_in MIRO: resistance assay CHEBI: insecticide OBI/MIRO: assay IDOMAL: Transmission detection assay is_a has_output is_a MIRO: resistance PATO: Phenotype has_input has_output has_quality MIRO: Organism VB_CV: genotype IDOMAL: Human biting rate Sporozoite rate Parous rate Vectorial capacity IDOMAL: Human population has_member VB_CV/MIRO: Mosquito population Season + Geolocation + Human population + Mosq. population located_in has_output is_a “Oth_Ont1”: Additional data models GAZ: Geolocation OBI/MIRO: collection assay is_a has_quality is_about has_input ENVO : Environmental conditions e.g. Rice field, Irrigation scheme, swamp, altitude, av. temperature, annual rainfall, av. humidity GAZ: Country, Province, District, GPS coordinates IDOMAL: Season IDOMAL: Malaria control measures "IDOVBD": Additional data models “Oth_Ont2”: Additional data models
Acknowledgements • The people who did the work: • IoanaBujila, Elena Deligianni, Emmanuel Dialynas, Vicky Dritsou, Elvira Mitraka, Inga Siden-Kiamos, PantelisTopalis • Our collaborators: • All members of VectorBase (esp. Frank Collins), MaritaTroye-Blomberg (malaria immunology/U. Stockholm), all PIs of Transmalariabloc (esp. George Christophides), John Vontas (Insecticide resistance/U. Crete) • The hands that fed us: • VectorBase (NIAID), BioMalPar, EVIMalR and Transmalariabloc (EU-DG XII)
Τέλος Ευχαριστώ!