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Aegean Art

Aegean Art. Bronze Mirror Back—Judgment of Paris , Etruscan, bronze, c 400-300 BC. Lucas Cranach, The Judgment of Paris , oil on board, 1528. Peter Paul Rubens, The Judgment of Paris , oil on canvas, 1636. The Judgment of Paris , Sevres porcelain, c 1750. Map of Aegean Sea.

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Aegean Art

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  1. Aegean Art

  2. Bronze Mirror Back—Judgment of Paris, Etruscan, bronze, c 400-300 BC

  3. Lucas Cranach, The Judgment of Paris, oil on board, 1528

  4. Peter Paul Rubens, The Judgment of Paris, oil on canvas, 1636

  5. The Judgment of Paris, Sevres porcelain, c 1750

  6. Map of Aegean Sea

  7. Three main cultures of the Aegean • Cycladic on the Cyclades • Minoan on Thera and Crete • Helladic including the Mycenaean on the Mainland

  8. Bronze • Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin • The discovery of bronze marks the end of the Neolithic Period in every culture • For the peoples of the Aegean, copper and tin were imported from Europe, Africa and Arabia

  9. Two Figures of Women, Cyclades, c 2500-2200 BC, Marble* Figures of male are rare in Cycladian art The rare male figures depict actual activities The islands of Naxos and Paros had fine sources of white marble which would be transported throughout the islands for sculpture

  10. Seated Harp Player* and Flute Player, Cyclades, c 2700-2500 BC, marble

  11. Woman and Man, Cernavoda, Romania c. 3500 BCE, ceramic 4.5” *

  12. Minoan Civilization • By 3000 BC, Bronze Age people were living on Crete, the largest of the Aegean Islands • Crete was economically self sufficient with cattle, grains, olives and fruits • Between 1900-1375 BC, a distinctive culture flourished on Crete • The culture was named Minoan by Sir Arthur Evans who discovered several large structures on Crete in 1900 • He named the culture after King Minos whom, according to legend, ruled from a palace called Knossos and kept a half man, half bull monster, the minotaur, eventually slain by Theseus of Athens

  13. Written Records • The Minoan culture developed its own form of hieroglyphics and script called Linear A • Linear A has defied translation • Most written records are known from a language called Linear B, from mainland Greece, but the information is limited to transportation and tax records

  14. The Old Palace Period • 1900-1700 BC • The site of the palace of Knossos was first excavated in 1900 AD by Sir Arthur Evans • The site had been occupied by Neolithic cultures, later replaced by Bronze Age buildings • The large structures led Evans to call them palaces but the original purpose remains unknown • Structures were made of rubble and mud brick with finished, dressed stone

  15. Kamares Ware Jug, Crete, Old Palace Period, c 2000-1900 BC, ceramic* Around 2000 BC, Minoans began to use a pottery wheel and developed highly colored glazes Minoan pottery was highly sought after in the ancient world and examples have been found as far away as Egypt and Syria Minoan Pottery

  16. By 1700, Minoan goldsmiths were producing extremely fine gold objects Minoan style jewelry typically depicts natural objects, but distills them to simple geometric forms creating a very stylish look The Minoans very likely acquired some of their smithing skills from the Egyptians Metal Work—Pendant of Gold Bees, Crete, Old Palace Period, c 1700-1550 BC, gold*

  17. New Palace Period • c 1700-1450 BC • A volcanic eruption at Thera caused many earthquakes throughout the Aegean regions that destroyed many Old Palace structures • Many structures, like Knossos, were rebuilt and enlarged

  18. Aerial view of Knossos, c 2000-1375 BC, Crete

  19. Wall Painting • Wall paintings were used to decorate large houses and palaces • The paintings were typically large murals with geometric borders surrounding scenes of nature or every day life • The method employed was fresco—fresco is a technique where one is painting directly onto raw plaster using egg-based tempuras or warm waxes • Preferred colors were yellow, black, red, green and blue

  20. The Dolphin Mural, Knossos, c 1550-1450 BC

  21. The Saffron Gatherers, Thera, c 1630 BC, fresco

  22. Young Girl Gathering Saffron Crocus Flowers, Thera, c 1630 BC, fresco*

  23. Bull Leaping, Knossos, Crete, c 1550-1450 BC, fresco

  24. Surviving Minoan sculpture consists mainly of small wood, ivory or ceramic objects Females brandishing snakes are among the most characteristic objects These objects may have been associated with water, regeneration and protection Woman or Goddess with Snakes, New Palace Period, Crete, c 1700-1550 BC, faience*

  25. Octopus Flask, New Palace Period, marine style ceramic, c 1500-1450 BC*

  26. Vapheio Cup, Sparta, Greece, c 1650-1450 BC, gold*

  27. The Helladic Period 3000-1000 BC • The term Helladic is used to designate the Aegean Bronze Age on the mainland of Greece • This period runs concurrent with the Cycladic and Minoan periods • Greek speaking peoples probably came from the northwest into mainland Greece • When the Minoan culture declined starting in 1450 BC, the people of a late Helladic culture called Mycenaean, after the city of Mycenae, occupied Crete and Greece and rose to dominate the Aegean

  28. Helladic Architecture • Mycenaean architecture is very distinct from that of the Minoans • The Mycenaeans built huge megalithic citadels or fortresses as well as huge vaulted stone tombs • The citadel of Mycenae appears in Homer’s epic The Iliad as the home of Agamemnon

  29. Location of Mycenae

  30. Reconstruction of Mycenae

  31. Mycenae

  32. Lion Gate, Mycenae, Greece, c 1250 BC, limestone*

  33. A Mycenaean tomb—called tholos

  34. Mask of Agamemnon, Mycenae, Greece, c 1600-1550 BC gold* Like the Egyptians, the Mycenaeans loaded their tombs with treasure

  35. More funeral masks

  36. Two Women with a Child, Mycenae, Greece, c 1400-1200 BC, ivory*

  37. Warrior Vase, Mycenae, Greece, c 1300-1000 BC, ceramic*

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