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舊約先知的歷史

舊約先知的歷史. 舊約先知的詞藻. hozeh (seer) ro’eh (seer) 兩個詞語都是從 “to see” 及 “ to gaze at” 所演化過來，也是與先知的功能相乎，表示先知謹見並看見上帝啟示內的真理。. 舊約先知的詞藻. nabi’ (“prophet”) 與 Akkadian 的動詞 nabu, “to call” 關注上帝的呼召和先知的委身。 “man of God” 此字集中描述，先知就是上帝的代表。. 王國前期的 先知傳統. 1500-1050 BC. 「先知」首次於創世紀.

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舊約先知的歷史

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  1. 舊約先知的歷史

  2. 舊約先知的詞藻 • hozeh (seer) • ro’eh (seer) 兩個詞語都是從“to see” 及 “to gaze at” 所演化過來，也是與先知的功能相乎，表示先知謹見並看見上帝啟示內的真理。

  3. 舊約先知的詞藻 • nabi’ (“prophet”) 與 Akkadian 的動詞 nabu, “to call” 關注上帝的呼召和先知的委身。 • “man of God” 此字集中描述，先知就是上帝的代表。

  4. 王國前期的先知傳統 1500-1050 BC

  5. 「先知」首次於創世紀 亞伯蘭就是「先知」(創二十7) ，這是對先知普遍的形容，亞伯蘭與上帝溝通並接受祂的訊息。

  6. 先知的職份: modeled after the ministry of Moses In Deuteronomy 18:17-18, the Lord promises to raise up a prophet like Moses for the people of Israel. Refers to the succession of prophets who will speak for God to each generation of Israelites (see 18:20-22)

  7. Prophetic Office: modeled after the ministry of Moses Moses establishes the tests for a true prophet in Deuteronomy 13:1-5 and 18:21-22: 1) must be an Israelite 2) must speak in the Lord’s name 3) must not encourage worship of false gods 4) must give prophecies which come to pass 5) must speak truth consistent with previous revelation

  8. Prophetic Office: modeled after the ministry of Moses Moses is recognized as the greatest of the OT prophets Deut 34:10 states that there has been no prophet like Moses Leaves anticipation of the coming of this greater prophet (Jesus)

  9. Pre-Classical Prophets 1050-760 BC

  10. Pre-Classical Prophets Israel’s desire to have a king results in the division of civil and spiritual authority in Israel. God establishes the office of prophet (with Samuel) as a means of keeping the power of the king under the authority of the word of the Lord.

  11. Prophets and Kings in Israel GOD IS KING “We want a king like the nations” “Thus saith the Lord” KING PROPHET Civil Authority Spiritual Authority

  12. Pre-Classical Prophets The pre-classical prophets minister primarily to the kings of Israel: * anointing kings chosen by God * confronting kings over disobedience to God’s will

  13. Pre-Classical Prophets Samuel anoints Saul confronts Saul’s disobedience anoints David

  14. Pre-Classical Prophets Nathan promises establishment of Davidic dynasty confronts David’s sin with Bathsheba indicates Solomon as the divinely appointed successor to David

  15. Pre-Classical Prophets Elijah and Elisha confront Ahab and his house for Baal worship and unfaithfulness to the Lord

  16. Classical Prophets 750-430 BC

  17. The classical prophets appear on the scene in the 8th century BC. Their ministry begins at the same time as Assyria is rising as a dominant power in the ancient Near East and the Lord is preparing to use Assyria (and later Babylon) to bring judgment against his sinful people Classical Prophets

  18. Classical Prophets • Ministry is primarily to the nation at large • Call the people to repent in the light of impending judgment and exile • Writing prophets whose oracles are written down

  19. While the oracles of the classical prophets were written down, it is important to remember that these prophets were primarily preachers rather than writers. Often, a scribe or disciples of the prophet were responsible for recording the prophet’s words for later generations Classical Prophets

  20. Read the following two examples of how a prophet’s message came to be written down: Isaiah 8:16-17 Jeremiah 36:1-7, 15-32 Classical Prophets

  21. The classical prophets are generally divided into three groups (based on the time of their ministry) Classical Prophets

  22. The Assyrian Prophets to Israel Jonah (785-775 BC) Amos (760-750 BC) Hosea (755-723 BC) to Judah Isaiah (740-681 BC) Micah (735-690 BC) Classical Prophets

  23. The Babylonian Prophets Nahum (630 BC) Habakkuk (620 BC) Jeremiah (627-580 BC) Daniel (605-530 BC) Obadiah (600 BC?) Ezekiel (593-570 BC) Classical Prophets

  24. The Post-Exilic (Persian) Prophets Haggai (520 BC) Zechariah (520-518 BC) Joel (500 BC?—some date earlier) Malachi (430 BC) Classical Prophets

  25. We have different arrangement and classifications for the OT Books. The Hebrew Bible is arranged in three sections: Law Prophets Writings In the Hebrew Bible…

  26. The Prophets consist of: The Former Prophets—the historical books where the ministry of the prophets plays a key role in shaping Israel’s history The Latter Prophets—the books of the classical prophets that we have just discussed In the Hebrew Bible…

  27. Daniel is not in the prophetic books but appears instead in the Writings, because while Daniel contains much prophetic material, Daniel himself did not hold the office of prophet In the Hebrew Bible…

  28. The Jews were in basic agreement that the office of prophet ceased with Malachi. 1 Maccabbees (one of the OT apocryphal books) laments the end of the prophetic office: So there was great distress in Israel, such as had not been since the time that the prophets ceased to appear among them (1 Macc 9:27) The End of Prophecy

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