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Answers to Homework 1

2004-2005 Academic Year, Spring Semester Bilkent University - Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture Department of Communication and Design CS 153 Introduction to Computing I Lesson 3. Answers to Homework 1. Name 2 Peer to Peer networks. Edonkey Icq

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Answers to Homework 1

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  1. 2004-2005 Academic Year, Spring SemesterBilkent University - Faculty of Art, Design and ArchitectureDepartment of Communication and DesignCS 153 Introduction to Computing ILesson 3

  2. Answers to Homework 1 • Name 2 Peer to Peer networks. • Edonkey • Icq • Send a e-mail to me with the topic “Homework Question 5” and your name and number at the body, of which I cannot see who you send the mail to. (so my outlook will say Undisclosed recipients at to: field of the mail I receive.) • You should use Bcc: field when sending the e-mail and leave To: and CC: fields empty. • Search and find five FTP Client Programs and a FTP Server program using your favorite web search engine. (Do not just take the list from your friends.) • BulletProof FTP Client, FTP Voyager 11.2, AutoFTP Professional 4.4, FTP Navigator 7.4, BitKinex 2.4, Robo-FTP, AceFTP, AbleFTP, CuteFTP, CyDFTP... • Serv-U • Define the cycle of processing and state which computer hardware is used in the cycle of processing. Which stages do we store data, if we don’t store the data what happens? • Input  processing  output. We store data in every stage and every intermediate stage. Because if we don’t store the data, it’s lost. For input: HDD, FDD, System memory; for processing: Registers and Cache at processor; for output: system memory, memory of our video card, HDD, FDD... • Give two reasons why today we start to have 64 bit processors(i.e. Athlon 64, Itanium). Wasn’t 32 bit processor (i.e. Pentium 4, Athlon XP) enough for todays computing needs? • Most important reason is as 2^32 = 4 billion, memory of a computer is limited to 4GBs, and this is limiting to have more memory. Another reason, with 64 bits we can move data faster, 64 bits a time instead of 32... • What is a DVD and name and list the capacities of a DVD. • Digital Versatile Disk, Digital Video Disk. Single layer single side: ~ 4.7 GB, double layer single side ~ 8.5GB, double layer dual side: ~ 17 GB<

  3. HTML • Hyper Text Markup Language • A text containing small markup tags • The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page.

  4. HTML as a Markup Language • HTML has a set of rules: • It’s tag based. A tag is opened by a “<“ followed by the tag name, optional parameters, and “>”, the content which tag marks, and then closing of a tag comes with “</” tagname and “>”. <tagname>content to be tagged</tagname> A tag can be empty: <tagname />

  5. HTML as a Markup Language • Tags can contain tags: <tag1> content to <tag2>be tagged</tag2></tag1> • If there is a tag inside another, the lower tag should be closed before higher: <tag1> content to <tag2>be tagged</tag2> </tag1> • <tag1> content to • <tag2>be tagged</tag1> • </tag2>

  6. HTML as a Markup Language • A Tag may contain parameters, the order is not important: <tagname parameter1=123 parameter2=“text” parameter3=‘another “text” here’> content to be tagged</tagname> <tagname parameter2=“text” parameter1=123 parameter3=‘another “text” here’ />

  7. HTML as a Markup Language • Number of spaces if more than 1 inside tags and in tags are not important. < tagname > content to be tagged</tagname> • Same as <tagname> content to be tagged</tagname> There is a space here!

  8. HTML is a Markup Language • You should write your HTML code layed out neatly! • <tag1> • <tag2> • <tag3> • </tag3> • </tag2> • <tag4> • </tag4> • </tag1> • <tag1><tag2><tag3></tag3> • </tag2><tag4></tag4></tag1>

  9. General Structure of HTML • Every HTML document starts with html tag. • An html tag should contain head and body tags. <html> <head> ... </head> <body> ... </body> </html>

  10. General Structure of HTML • Head tag only contains tags that define the page itself. Head tag is the header of the html page. • TITLE defines the document title, and is always needed. <title>This is the title of the document.</title> • SCRIPT reserved for future use with scripting languages. • If Javascript is used in the document it may go here. • STYLE reserved for future use with style sheets. • If you define styles for your document (see CSS). • META used to supply meta info as name/value pairs. • LINK used to define relationships with other documents. • BASE used for base URL address of this document. • Also... {ISINDEX}

  11. META Tag • These tags mainly used for search engines. • Robots: You only need it if you DO NOT want your pages indexed. <META NAME=“Robots” CONTENT=“NOINDEX”> • Description: Description of your web page. <META NAME=“Description” CONTENT=“A course about computers and introduction to HTML.”> • Keywords: Possible keywords for the content of your web page. <META NAME=“Keywords” CONTENT=“Bilkent University, HTML, Course, Tutorial”>

  12. Body Tag • Body Tag contains what you will display to the user. May get content from head tag. • Parameters of body tag are: • bgcolor: Specifies the background color for the document body. • text: Specifies the color used to stroke the document's text. • link: Specifies the color used to stroke the text for unvisited hypertext links. • vlink: Specifies the color used to stroke the text for visited hypertext links. • alink: Specifies the highlight color used to stroke the text for hypertext links at the moment the user clicks on the link. • background: Specifies a URL for an image that will be used to tile the document background. <body bgcolor=white text=black link=red vlink=maroon alink=fuchsia>

  13. Some Named Colors

  14. sRGB • Red Green Blue: values in hexadecimal order. (0)16= 0, (1)16= 1 (2)16= 2 ... (9)16= 9, (A)16= 10, (B)16= 11, (C)16= 12, (D)16= 13, (E)16= 14, (F)16= 15; (10)16= 16, (11)16= 17... (FF)16= 255 • FF0000 = pure Red. (this means there are 255 levels from black to pure Red) • 00FF00 = pure Green • 0000FF = pure Blue. • 000000 = black • FFFFFF = white • How many colors do we have in sRGB?

  15. Comments • <!-- Here goes a comment --> • Comments should be used to describe sections, notes, ideas on the page... • Will be discarded by the browser.

  16. Some Examples to Start! <html>  <head>    <title> My First Page </title>  </head>  <body>    This is my first page.  </body></html>

  17. Headings Optional Parameter “align” with values left | center | right <h1 align=“center”> ... </h1> <html>  <head>    <title> My First Page </title>  </head>  <body>    This is my first page.    <h1>This line is h1</h1>    <h2>This line is h2</h2>    <h3>This line is h3</h3>    <h4>This line is h4</h4>    <h5>This line is h5</h5>    <h6>This line is h6</h6>  </body></html>

  18. Address • For giving an Address. <address> Computer Engineer<br> Sinan Uşşaklı<br> Engineering Department room 528, Bilkent, Ankara<br> Tel: +90 312 2904000 </address>

  19. Line Break • Used to force a line break. This is an empty element so the end tag is forbidden. <br> Or <br />

  20. Block vs Text Tags • We will divide the HTML tags into two groups. • Block tags • Text tags Block level tags which cause paragraph breaks, and text level tags which don't.

  21. Some Text Tags (more will come) • Font Style tags: • tt teletype or monospaced text • i italic text style • b bold text style • u underlined text style • s strike-through text style • big places text in a large font • small places text in a small font • sub places text in subscript style • sup places text in superscript style

  22. More Examples • <html>  <head>    <title> My First Page </title>  </head>  <body>    <h1>Welcome to My Page</h1>    This is my first page.  </body></html>

  23. More Examples • <html>  <head>    <title> My First Page </title>  </head>  <body><h1>Welcome to My Page</h1>    This is my first page.The major aim of the Department of Communication and Design is to educate media professionals who are both knowledgeable about global culture and art, and competent in recent developments in modern technology of communications, especially visual technologies.   </body></html>

  24. Paragraph <p>, Line Break <br> • <html>  <head>    <title> My First Page </title>  </head>  <body><h1>Welcome to My Page</h1><p>This is my first page.</p> <p>The major aim of the Department of Communication and Design is to<br> educate media professionals who are both knowledgeable about global<br> culture and art, and competent in recent developments in modern technology<br> of communications, especially visual technologies.</p>   </body></html>

  25. Paragraph <p> • Used markup paragraphs. • Optional parameter “align” with values right | center | left | justified

  26. More Examples • <html>  <head>    <title> My First Page </title>  </head>  <body><h1>Welcome to My Page</h1><p align=center>This is my first page.</p>    The major aim of the Department of Communication and Design is to<br> educate media professionals who are both knowledgeable about global<br> culture and art, and competent in recent developments in modern technology<br> of communications, especially visual technologies.  </body></html>

  27. More Examples (bgcolor) • <html>  <head>    <title> My First Page </title>  </head>  <body bgcolor="lightyellow"><h1>Welcome to My Page</h1>    <p align=center>This is my first page.</p>    The major aim of the Department of Communication and Design is to<br> educate media professionals who are both knowledgeable about global<br> culture and art, and competent in recent developments in modern technology<br> of communications, especially visual technologies.  </body></html>

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