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Lecture 13 Biodiversity

Lecture 13 Biodiversity. What is Biological Diversity? Latitudinal and Altitudinal Gradients Geographic Controls on Diversity Historical Theories Equilibrium Theories Island Biogeography Historical Perspective Current Perspective V. Mapping Distributions

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Lecture 13 Biodiversity

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  1. Lecture 13Biodiversity • What is Biological Diversity? • Latitudinal and Altitudinal Gradients • Geographic Controls on Diversity • Historical Theories • Equilibrium Theories • Island Biogeography • Historical Perspective • Current Perspective • V. Mapping Distributions • VI. Common Patterns of Distributions

  2. Lecture 13I. What is Biological Diversity? • Biodiversity • Species Richness

  3. Lecture 13I. What is Biological Diversity? Species Area Curve: S = cAZ log S = log c + z log A.

  4. Lecture 13I. What is Biological Diversity? How many species are there on the Earth? Jon Feldsa (1991) Udzungwaq Partridge (Xenoperdix udzungwensis)

  5. Lecture 13II. Latitudinal and Altitudinal Gradients Latitudinal gradient of diversity

  6. Lecture 13II. Latitudinal and Altitudinal Gradients Altitudinal gradient of diversity

  7. Lecture 13III. Geographic Controls on Diversity Historical Theories of Biodiversity: Stability-Time Hypothesis • Tropical regions have experiences less disruption • Environmental stability = increased species richness

  8. Lecture 13III. Geographic Controls on Diversity Equilibrium Theories of Biodiversity: • Large gradients for resources offer a wide range of habitat for different species to occur. • Species typically have highly specialized niches. • Key resources may be more abundant.

  9. Lecture 13III. Geographic Controls on Diversity Equilibrium Theories of Biodiversity: • Habitat Diversity • Large Land Areas of the Tropics • Environmental Stability • Competition • Predation • Productivity • Disturbance

  10. Lecture 13III. Geographic Controls on Diversity Equilibrium Theories of Biodiversity: • Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

  11. Lecture 13III. Geographic Controls on Diversity Equilibrium Theories of Biodiversity: • Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (South America) (California)

  12. Lecture 13IV. Island Biogeography

  13. Lecture 13IV. Island Biogeography

  14. Lecture 13IV. Island Biogeography S = Equilibrium species SF = Small far islands LF = Large far islands SN = Small near islands LN = Large near islands

  15. Lecture 13IV. Island Biogeography Effect of Island Size on Turnover rates

  16. Lecture 13IV. Island Biogeography

  17. Lecture 13II. Mapping Distributions

  18. Lecture 13II. Mapping Distributions (fish survey) (mammal surveys) (bird survey) (plant survey)

  19. Lecture 13II. Mapping Distributions

  20. Lecture 13Common Biogeographical Distributional Patterns • Endemic • Cosmopolitan • Pandemic • Paleoendemic

  21. Lecture 13Common Biogeographical Distributional Patterns Biogeographic relicts

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