Why Did People Create Government? - Exploring the Social Contract Theory

1. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 16, 2013 Aim: Why did people create government? DO NOW: People are EVIL! Agree or Disagree? Why?

2. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 16, 2013 Aim: Why did people create government? Laws: The rules made and enforced by government that control the conduct of people.

3. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 16, 2013 Aim: Why did people create government? Laws: The rules made and enforced by government that control the conduct of people. Why Government?

4. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 16, 2013 Aim: Why did people create government? Why Government? About 350 years ago, “philosophers” started asking this question, in a period we call: “The Enlightenment”

5. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 16, 2013 Aim: Why did people create government? “The Enlightenment” During the Enlightenment, people started CRITICALLY THINKING about the laws, who was making them and why. Sound familiar?

6. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 16, 2013 Aim: Why did people create government? • The State of Nature- • Life at a time before government and laws. • It is a hypothetical. Whether there was every really a time and what it like if there was can’t be known.

7. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 16, 2013Aim: Why did people create government? • Thomas Hobbes- 1588-1679 • English Political • Philosopher • Thought about why we • have government by think about life without it • Wrote about it in a book called Leviathan

8. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 17, 2013 Aim: What is a Social Contract? Do-Now: What is the State of Nature and what five words did Hobbes use to describe life in it?

9. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 17, 2013 Aim: What is a Social Contract? Review: • Human Nature- the ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that are common to most people • The State of Nature- Life before the existence of government and laws

10. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 17, 2013 Aim: What is a Social Contract? What is a Contract?

11. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 17, 2013 Aim: What is a Social Contract? What is a Contract? An Agreement between two people where each side agrees to do something in exchange for the other doing something. Example: A sports contract- the Owner agrees to pay the athlete, and the athlete agrees to play for the team for a certain period of time

12. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 17, 2013 Aim: What is a Social Contract? Thomas Hobbes- 1588-1679 What is a Social Contract? Social Contract: An agreement by people and the ruler (“Sovereign”) to give up rights in exchange for security

13. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 17, 2013 Aim: What is a Social Contract? Thomas Hobbes- 1588-1679 Human Nature: People were selfish and violent State of Nature: Constant state of war Social Contract: People give up all their rights to the government for protection.

14. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 17, 2013 Aim: What is a Social Contract? Two Different Views John Locke-1632-1704 Jean Jacques Rousseau- 1712-1778

15. Hobbes vs. Locke

16. Why do we have law? Thomas Hobbes- Human Nature: People are selfish and violent State of Nature: Constant state of war Social Contract: People give up their rights for security. Once given up, they cannot get them back. Monarchy was the best government. John Locke Human Nature: People are Blank Slates but rational. State of Nature: Not war but completely chaotic and frequently violent. Social Contract: People give up some freedom to preserve rights to life, liberty and property and to create stability. Democracy was the best government.

17. Why Government? Instructions: Sketch it out. Use words and images to create cartoons showing the ‘big ideas’ of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau John Locke Thomas Hobbes State of Nature How would it look? What’s happening? What’s not happening Social Contract Who’s involved? What’s being exchanged? Government Who is it? Can it ever be changed?

18. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 18, 2013 Aim: How can a Social Contract protect rights? Do Now: What are some advantages of living in a State of Nature?

19. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 18, 2013 Aim: How can a Social Contract protect rights? Jean Jacques Rousseau- 1712-1778

20. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 18, 2013 Aim: How can a Social Contract protect Rights? Hobbes’ view of the State of Nature Rousseau’s view of the State of Nature

21. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 18, 2013 Aim: How can a Social Contract protect rights? Jean Jacques Rousseau- 1712-1778 Human Nature: People are naturally good and moral. State of Nature: Peaceful and happy. Social Contract: People give up some rights to protect them, but not just life liberty and property. Thought direct democracy (where everyone actually represented themselves) was the best form of government.

22. Why do we have law? Thomas Hobbes- Human Nature: People are selfish and violent State of Nature: Constant state of war Social Contract: People give up all their rights for security. Once given up, they cannot get them back. Monarchy was the best government. John Locke Human Nature: People are a blank slate but people are rational. State of Nature: Not war but completely chaotic and frequently violent. Social Contract: People give up some freedom to preserve rights to life, liberty and property and to create stability. Democracy was the best government. Jean Jacques Rousseau Human Nature: People are naturally good and moral. State of Nature: Peaceful and happy. Social Contract: People give up some rights to protect them, but not just life liberty and property. Thought direct democracy (where everyone actually represented themselves) was the best form of government.

23. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 19, 2013 Aim: Why do we have laws? Do Now: If you were stranded on an island with 30 other people, what is the first thing you would do?

24. Mr. Zanoni- Introduction to Law September 19, 2013 Aim: Why do we have laws?