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Industrial Revolution: Innovations and Impact

Explore how inventions like the Spinning Jenny and the rise of factories transformed societies during the Industrial Revolution, from Britain to America, with a focus on key figures and towns.

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Industrial Revolution: Innovations and Impact

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  1. Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes • The Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution Begins • A. Mid 1700’s Industrial Revolution started in Britain • B. New Technology • 1. Inventions that would speed up production • a. Spinning Jenny • b. Power loom • 1. Both allowed more production per day • C. The Factory System • 1. New inventions lead to new production system

  2. Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes 2. Before most production took place in the home 3. Now factories are being built by rivers a. Water used to operate this equipment 4. Factories cost lots of money or capital a. Capitalist supply the money-someone who invest in something in order to make money in the future 5. Factory system brought both man and machine together in one building a. Had to work a set number of hours per day

  3. Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes • A Revolution Crosses the Atlantic • A. Slater Breaks the Law • 1. Britain had laws that forbid people from taking their plans out • of Britain • 2. Samuel Slater broke this law and memorized the mill plans • and brought them to America • B. The First American Mill • 1. 1793 with the help of Slater, Moses Brown had the first • successful textile mill in the U.S. powered by water

  4. Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes 2. Many factories begin using Slater’s ideas C. Interchangeable Parts 1. Every part was handmade, so each one was different 2. Eli Whitney wanted to speed production up 3. All parts are the same 4. Interchangeable parts a. Save time b. Save money 5. This idea spread quickly and soon production had increased

  5. Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes • Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town • A. The Blockade due to the War of 1812 had forced Americans to • start producing more goods on their own • B. The Lowell Mills • 1. Francis Lowell wanted to put multiple production steps under • one roof • a. Example: Spinning and weaving • 2. Because of Lowell ideas they created an entire factory town

  6. Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes • C. “Lowell Girls” • 1. Worked the factory in their younger years then returned home • to marry • 2. Most women were happy to get out of the house and have • some economic freedom • 3. Paid about half of what a man would get paid • Daily Life During the Industrial Revolution • A. Child Labor • 1. Paid half of what a man would receive

  7. Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes 2. Could fit between large equipment B. Long Hours 1. Worked at least 12 hours a day, six days a week 2. Worked more than they did on the farm (winter months) C. Change in Home Life 1. As factories grew, less people stayed home 2. Changed the role of a women 1. Wealthy stayed home 2. Poor would have to work

  8. Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes • Growing Cities • A. Urbanization—the movement of population from farms to cities • 1. Gradual process, but steady • B. Hazards • 1. Dirt roads • 2. No sewers/dumps • 3. Diseases spread easily • C. Attractions • 1. Theaters, museums, circuses, and shops

  9. Chapter 11 Section 2 Notes Americans Move Westward I. Traveling West A. Western Routes 1. Great Wagon Road-Pennsylvania 2. Wilderness Road-Kentucky 3. Some traveled by water-Ohio River a. Flatboats B. New States 1. The population increased in this new territory

  10. Chapter 11 Section 2 Notes 1. Kentucky (1792) 2. Tennessee (1796) 3. Ohio (1803) 4. Louisiana (1812) 5. Mississippi (1817) 6. Illinois (1818) 7. Alabama (1819)

  11. Chapter 11 Section 2 Notes II. Improvements to Roads A. Roads are more like muddy trails B. Turnpikes and Corduroy Roads 1. Roads were being built with gravel and stone 2. Paid for by collecting tolls 3. Turnpikes a. Lancaster Turnpike-Best road in 1790’s 4. Corduroy Roads a. Roads made of logs

  12. Chapter 11 Section 2 Notes • b. Looked like corduroy pants • C. The National Road • 1. Ran from Cumberland, MD to Wheeling, VA and later to • Illinois • Stream Transport • Fitch and Fulton • Steam Engine • a. John Fitch-people were scared to use it and he went out • of business

  13. Chapter 11 Section 2 Notes 2. Robert Fulton a. Clermont-steam boat 1. Carried people from NYC to Albany and back 2. Only took 62 hrs to go 300 miles B. The Age of Steamboats 1. Steamboats a. Passenger boats b. Transporting goods c. Dangerous-fire

  14. Chapter 11 Section 2 Notes IV. The Canal Boom A. Canal-artificial channel dug then filled with water 1. Used to transport goods 2. Crosses land (no rivers or streams) B. Building the Erie Canal 1. Link Great Lakes to Hudson and Mohawk Rivers 2. Allow western farmers to ship their goods to NY C. An Instant Success 1. Cost of shipping was dramatically decreased 2. Led other states to build their own canals

  15. Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes Unity and Division I. An Era of Good Feeling A. James Monroe becomes President (5th) (1816) 1. Last Revolutionary War Officer to become president 2. Traditional person 3. Brought to the nation a sense of unity 4. “era of Good Feeling” 5. Ran for second term unopposed (1820)

  16. Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes II. Three Sectional Leaders A. Calhoun of the South 1. John C. Calhoun a. Nickname-”young Hercules” b. Intense speaker – intimidated many c. Supported War of 1812 d. Supported slavery e. Disapproved of a strong federal government

  17. Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes B. Webster of the North 1. Daniel Webster a. Skillful public speaker b. Opposed War of 1812 1. Refused to vote for taxes that were used to pay for the war c. Did not support slavery d. Wanted a stronger national government 1. Build up the nations economy

  18. Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes C. Clay of the West 1. Henry Clay a. Supported the War of 1812 1. Leader of the War Hawks b. Favored a strong Federal government III. Helping American Business Grow A. Low economy due to War - no national bank B. Protection From Foreign Competition 1. Economy low due to embargo act and war 2. Factory system helps to boast economy

  19. Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes C. A Flood of British Goods 1. War ended they returned shipping goods to America 2. British have more factories and are a more productive nation 3. Hoped to put Americans out of business, then raise prices D. Congress Passes a Protective Tariff 1. Tariff of 1816 a. Raise the price on imported goods b. Pleased the Northerners (a lot of factories) c. Angers the Southerners (few factories) 1. Drove up the price they had to pay for goods

  20. Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes IV. Clay’s American System A. Sectionalism 1. Loyalty to ones state or section a. Southerners b. Northerners c. Westerners 2. Clay wanted to promote economic growth for all sections a. American System b. Tariffs remained high c. Not many internal improvements

  21. Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes V. The Supreme Court Expands Federal Power A. John Marshall strengthened the power of the federal gov. B. Congress chartered the 2nd Bank of the U.S. 1. Maryland tried to tax the bank out of MD 2. James McCulloch – bank cashier refused to pay C. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) 1. State could not interfere with federal institution 2. Federal power is increased 3. Helped to expand the economy

  22. Chapter 11 Section 3 Notes D. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 1. Federal government had the power to regulate trade between states a. Interstate commerce 2. States could only regulate within their own borders

  23. Chapter 11 Section 4 Notes New Nations in the Americas I. Revolution in Latin America A. Mexican Independence 1. 1821 revolutionary forces gain control of Mexico 2. Later become a republic with their own constitution B. The Liberator 1. Latin America gains independence from Spain C. Other New Nations 1. Central America gains Independence (1821) from Spain 2. Brazil gains independence from Portugal

  24. Chapter 11 Section 4 Notes • II. The New Republics • A. Central and Latin America model their government after the U.S • B. Did not unite into one country • The United States Gains Florida • A. Spain loses Florida • 1. Florida occupied by: • a. Indians • b. Enslaved African Americans

  25. Chapter 11 Section 4 Notes B. “Black Seminoles” 1. Indians and escaped Africans live together a. Trade with each other b. Adopted each others cultures 2. Negro Fort a. 1,000 Africans b. Americans take over the fort and destroyed it

  26. Chapter 11 Section 4 Notes C. Spain Gives up Florida 1. Adams-Onis Treaty a. Spain exchanged Florida for $5 million

  27. IV. The Monroe Doctrine A. The U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of European nations or existing colonies of the European nations B. U.S. would oppose any attempt to settle in a colony in the Americas

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