1 / 80

Religious and Cultural Determinants of Health Care: A Qualitative Study from India

Religious and Cultural Determinants of Health Care: A Qualitative Study from India. DR. VINOD SHAH Presented at Faith-Based Organizations as Pioneers and Partners in Health Systems Development , May 31, 2005, Omni Shoreham Hotel, Washington DC.

anahid
Download Presentation

Religious and Cultural Determinants of Health Care: A Qualitative Study from India

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Religious and Cultural Determinants of Health Care: A Qualitative Study from India DR. VINOD SHAH Presented at Faith-Based Organizations as Pioneers and Partners in Health Systems Development, May 31, 2005, Omni Shoreham Hotel, Washington DC

  2. A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH…based on interviews with Hindu god-men, leaders & devotees. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  3. AACHARYA LAL PRATAP MISHRA PANDIT HARISH KUMAR TRIVEDI LORD RAM AND HANUMAN DEVOTEE MEMBER OF SANATHAN DHARMA RAM KRISHNA DEVOTEE SADHU JI Emmanuel Hospital Association

  4. PILGRIM SADHU PILGRIM SADHUS SANT RAM DAS SHRI MOHAN LAL MISHRA SANTOSH HITAU SHRI MAHARAJ JI Emmanuel Hospital Association

  5. SWAMI NANDACHARYA SWAMI NATWAR DAS A BLIND HINDU DEVOTEE DEVOTEE OF BABA KIS A HINDU DEVOTEE A DEVOTEE OF VISHNU Emmanuel Hospital Association

  6. MANGAL SWAMI JAGDISH KUMAR VAISH - STUDENT LAL SHRI RAJU WOMEN PILGRIMS PROFESSOR AJIT DALAL Emmanuel Hospital Association

  7. Factors that affected the health “caring” Culture.

  8. Role modeling of care-I • Did the religious leaders role model caring?

  9. VISITING THE SICK… • I don’t go visiting and helping the sick because I’m not a doctor. • I don’t have time to visit the sick. • I help those who come to me and get them to the hospital. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  10. CONT. • I sit on a seat that is fixed and it does not enable me to move about the whole day. • I come here early morning and once I sit on my seat I don’t move. • If someone who is sick and comes up to me…I may just help him • I don’t have the time to visit the sick. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  11. Cont… • If I am at prayer…I will not leave my prayer and go to help someone…I don’t think it is important. • If I leave my god and my karma and help someone then my god will get angry…my karma will be lost… Emmanuel Hospital Association

  12. ROLE MODELLING OF CAREBY GODS AND GODDESS • The Christian Gospel is full of Christ role modeling care and compassion • Christians too are more interested in healing, caring and compassionate ministries • The first hospital in India was mentioned during the time of Ashoka in the 2nd Century BC - there is no further mention of a hospital in India till the 15th Century after the advent of the Portuguese. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  13. Did God role model healing? • There is no such example for god role modeling healing. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  14. Cont. • SILENCE! Emmanuel Hospital Association

  15. THE ORTHODOX INDIAN CONTEXT • Jainism discourages sharing your suffering with others. • VISITING THE SICK is not done by the community and is confined to the family and extended family • We never see Hindu or Buddhist or Jain Priests coming to pray for supporting the sick. It is not part of their job description. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  16. IMPORTANCE OF THE BODY Body- Soul dissociation-II Developed societies • To heal the body is also to minister to the soul and indeed to the whole person • The body had intrinsic dignity however deformed or diseased. Even in death, the body needed to be respected • The body was an integral part of “me”. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  17. One of the most difficult austerities a practitioner can attempt is to hold his arm upright in the air for twelve years. It is said that if successfully completed, the practice results in the attainment of supernatural powers Emmanuel Hospital Association

  18. The fingernails of this ascetic’s hand have curled around the palm during the four years he held it upright Emmanuel Hospital Association

  19. Offerings are made to a mediator who is buried up to the neck in sand. He suppresses the sensations of the flesh while attempting to free his mind through meditation. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  20. Lifting enormous rocks with the penis is one of the more unusual ways of desensitizing the sexual organ to overcome lust Emmanuel Hospital Association

  21. Perhaps the most well known austerity is lying on a bed of sharp nails to overcome the limitations of the physical body. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  22. Naga babas perform exercises with their penises, like lifting stones, stretching and rolling it around a stick to demonstrate that the nerves have been severed. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  23. Most yogis never cut their hair but grow it long and matted to discourage vanity. They wear little or no clothing, rubbing ash from the fires over their bodies Emmanuel Hospital Association

  24. Body Soul dissociation • The Indian systems have many “holistic” practices • However none of them really address the hard core issues of the “body” like- • Repair of structures/organs • Understanding cellular processes • Pathology of infections etc. • Body (Dirty) and Soul (Good) were dissociated. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  25. SENSE OF COMMUNITYHigh and low trust societies-III IMPACT ON HEALTH/ ECONOMICS ACCORDING TO FRANCIS FUKUYOMA. Author of book on Trust Emmanuel Hospital Association

  26. THE ORTHODOX INDIAN CONTEXT LOW TRUST SOCIETIES LESS WEALTH CREATION SOLITARY WORSHIP LESS SPONTANEOUS SOCIALIBILITY FAMILY BUSINESS ONLY LESS SOCIAL CAPITAL Emmanuel Hospital Association

  27. JUDEO CHRISTIAN CONTEXT HIGH TRUST SOCIETIES MORE SPONTANEOUS SOCIALIBILITY MORE WEALTH CREATION COMMUNITY WORSHIP MULTINATIONAL CORPORATE BUSINESS MORE SOCIAL CAPITAL Emmanuel Hospital Association

  28. Institutions that are required for health such as : • Marketing of these herbs • Standardization of dosages • Ethical committees to set down codes of conduct • Medical Training Centres • Other disciplines which should cooperate and assist the physician. • Farming of ayurvedic herbs All these require community cooperation. But sadly none of these happened in a regular sustainable fashion. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  29. INDIVIDUAL WORSHIP • I sit here and worship my god alone…this is my temple. • I perform all the rites of worship to gods like Ganga, etc…in the morning and evening. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  30. Cont. • Ones karma is the only true form of worship. • Following all rules and regulations is the best form of worship. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  31. Cont. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  32. Women’s disempowered status IV Emmanuel Hospital Association

  33. Woman in Hinduism/Jainism • Sentiment towards woman was low • Later Vedic period – woman reduced to status of Sudra • Women had no place in religious life-no reciting of slokas/ no salvation • Degradation through temple prostitution/Tantric practices Emmanuel Hospital Association

  34. The eldest son of the family pays his last respects to his deceased father before completing the customary rituals and putting torch to the funeral pyre. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  35. Erotic sculptures abound & temple prostitution was one of the results Emmanuel Hospital Association

  36. TANTRA- Motionless sex and meditation at the same time. Sex sans lust Emmanuel Hospital Association

  37. Famous tantric Was a close confidante ofone of the PM in India Mr Chandraswamy Emmanuel Hospital Association

  38. A Memorial The women who committed Sati suicide were immortalized in India. Their praises were sung and temples were built for them. Offerings are made to many memorials even after several decades later. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  39. Memorials Erected for Women Who Committed Sati.These stones are called Maha-Sati stones and can be found in several parts of India Emmanuel Hospital Association

  40. Decorated Sati from a Hero-stone (Mahasati Stone) Emmanuel Hospital Association

  41. Bridal Makeup of a Woman Committing Suicide Emmanuel Hospital Association

  42. STATUS OF WOMEN A woman’s religion is only to serve her husband. We Hindus believe this. We don’t believe we have any status without a husband. Emmanuel Hospital Association

  43. Family versus truth- V A father and a husband is like a God

  44. Family values & corruption • Scale of familism (World Values survey code book 1994 & World Bank statistics) • Correlates well with the CPI.(Regression analysis) • Tribalism- Africa and India

  45. Family values and corruption • Edward Banfield- “ Amoral familism”- The Moral Basis of a backward society • Plato- “Children should be institutionalized” –Republic Chapter 5 • Lawrence Harrison- Extended family –anti-development (Underdevelopment is a state of mind-page 7) • Weber- Family Loyalty and market are antithetical -The religion of China- page 237.

  46. Corruption Perceptions Index 2004

  47. Corruption Perceptions Index 2004 This table was compiled at the University of Passau on behalf of Transparency International. For information on data and methodology, please consult the frequently asked questions and the framework document.

  48. Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used*** 1 Finland 9,7 9.5 - 9.8 9 2 New Zealand 9,6 9.4 - 9.6 9 3 Denmark 9,5 9.3 - 9.7 10 Iceland 9,5 9.4 - 9.7 8 5 Singapore 9,3 9.2 - 9.4 13 6 Sweden 9,2 9.1 - 9.3 11 7 Switzerland 9,1 8.9 - 9.2 10 8 Norway 8,9 8.6 - 9.1 9 9 Australia 8,8 8.4 - 9.1 15 10 Netherlands 8,7 8.5 - 8.9 10 11 United Kingdom 8,6 8.4 - 8.8 12 12 Canada 8,5 8.1 - 8.9 12 13 Austria 8,4 8.1 - 8.8 10 Luxembourg 8,4 8.0 - 8.9 7 15 Germany 8,2 8.0 - 8.5 11 16 Hong Kong 8,0 7.1 - 8.5 13

  49. Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used*** 17 Belgium 7,5 7.1 - 8.0 10 Ireland 7,5 7.2 - 7.9 10 USA 7,5 6.9 - 8.0 14 20 Chile 7,4 7.0 - 7.8 11 21 Barbados 7,3 6.6 - 7. 6 3 22 France 7,1 6.6 - 7.6 12 Spain 7,1 6.7 - 7.4 11 24 Japan 6,9 6.2 - 7.4 15 25 Malta 6,8 5.3 - 8.2 4 26 Israel 6,4 5.6 - 7.1 10 27 Portugal 6,3 5.8 - 6.8 9 28 Uruguay 6,2 5.9 - 6.7 6 29 Oman 6,1 5.1 - 6.8 5 United Arab Emirates 6,1 5.1 - 7.1 5 31 Botswana 6,0 5.3 - 6.8 7

  50. Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used*** 31 Estonia 6,0 5.6 - 6.7 12 Slovenia 6,0 5.6 - 6.6 12 34 Bahrain 5,8 5.5 - 6.2 5 35 Taiwan 5,6 5.2 - 6.1 15 36 Cyprus 5,4 5.0 - 5.8 4 37 Jordan 5,3 4.6 - 5.9 9 38 Qatar 5,2 4.6 - 5.6 4 39 Malaysia 5,0 4.5 - 5.6 15 Tunisia 5,0 4.5 - 5.6 7 41 Costa Rica 4,9 4.2 - 5.8 8 42 Hungary 4,8 4.6 - 5.0 12 Italy 4,8 4.4 - 5.1 10 44 Kuwait 4,6 3.8 - 5.3 5 Lithuania 4,6 4.0 - 5.4 9 South Africa 4,6 4.2 - 5.0 11 47 South Korea 4,5 4.0 - 4.9 14 48 Seychelles 4,4 3.7 - 5.0 3 49 Greece 4,3 4.0 - 4.8 9

More Related