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TH12/20/12; W12/8/10; M 12/8/08

TH12/20/12; W12/8/10; M 12/8/08. Reconstruction Overview (Ch. 16.1 & 16.2; pp. 441-457). I. Intro. pivotal period for civil rights (1865-77) established legal equality between races rebuild South (economy & society) and country (unity) 2 big Q’s: 1. freemen equality ? economy ?

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TH12/20/12; W12/8/10; M 12/8/08

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  1. TH12/20/12; W12/8/10; M 12/8/08 Reconstruction Overview (Ch. 16.1 & 16.2; pp. 441-457)

  2. I. Intro • pivotal period for civil rights (1865-77) • established legal equality between races • rebuild South (economy & society) and country (unity) • 2 big Q’s: • 1. freemen • equality? economy? • 2. southern states • punish or forgive • Cong. or Pres.

  3. II. Competing Plans A. Lincoln’s Plan • Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction - 1863 • 10% Plan • oath of loyalty • Secession not legal • never legally left • 4 states already returned • TN, AR, LA, VA • later rejected by Congress • FORGIVE

  4. II. Competing Plans(cont.) B. Congressional Plan • Wade-Davis Bill -1864 • 50% Plan • secession = state suicide • reapply – Cong. decides • pocket veto by Lincoln • Never ratified • PUNISH • Henry Winter Davis (MD) & Benjamin Wade (OH)

  5. II. Competing Plans (cont.) C. Lincoln’s Assassination • John Wilkes Booth • Ford’s theater • “sic semper tyrannus” • “accidental President” • Andrew Johnson • unclear future • esp. b/c Lincoln great accomodater

  6. III. Presidential Reconstruction A. Background • Andrew Johnson • TN – Sen. – Union • Union ticket • poor – tailor • “rags to riches” • illiterate • distrusted planters

  7. III. Presidential Reconstruction(cont.) B. Johnson’s Plan • similar to Lincoln’s • 10% plan • excluded planter class • no black suffrage • pardons most Confed. • Confed. back in power • Alex Stephens – VP of Conf. • during Cong. Break • Congress refuses to seat S

  8. III. Presidential Reconstruction (cont.) C. Black Codes - 1865 • state laws • restricted blacks • homeless – work • bond – indentured serv. • recreates slavery • “home rule” • ****later abolished by Congress**** • Q: Why did North win war, if Confederates back in power? Who really won war?

  9. IV. Johnson vs. Congress A. Congress • refuse to seat S • states must reapply • Johnson wants S back ASAP • Confrontation w/ Congress begins

  10. IV. Johnson vs. Congress(cont.) B. Vetoes • Freedmen’s Bureau • O.O. Howard • welfare – freed slaves; poor whites • Civil Rights Act of 1866 • Will need something more permanent • Congress overrides both • 1stmajor legislation to override veto

  11. IV. Johnson vs. Congress(cont.) C. 14th Amendment • guarantees civil rights • Cong. requirement for statehood • TN rejoins when accepts 14th – prior to other states D. Election of 1866 • Cong. Election/Midterm Election • Congress vs. Pres. • Overwhelming victory for Reps • 2/3 in H.O.R. 4/5 in Sen • AJ alienates moderate Reps. • create Joint Committee on Reconstruction

  12. V. Congressional Reconstruction A. Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Feb. ‘67 veto; March ’67 override • military districts • disfranchised many Confed. • Congress pardon • 14th Amendment

  13. V. Congressional Reconstruction (cont.) B. Radical Republicans • Thaddeus Stevens – PA • Charles Sumner – MA • Johnson alienated moderate Reps.

  14. V. Congressional Reconstruction (cont.) C. Impeachment Battle • Senate vs. Pres. power • Tenure of Office Act – March ’67 • Cong. approval to remove cabinet • Edwin M. Stanton – Sec. War removed • AJ impeached – March to May • 1 vote short (35-19) • “lame duck” • [discussion of power fight – Cong. vs. Pres.]

  15. V. Congressional Reconstruction (cont.) D. 15thAmendment • guarantee black vote • permanent b/c afraid of later restriction • woman’s suffrage?No, for now – focus on black rights

  16. VI. Republican Coalition • want to establish Rep. party in S • 3 parts to coalition • 1. freedmen • 15th Amend. • 2. scalawags • S Republicans • many loyal to Union • often POPB • 3. Carpetbaggers • N Republicans • moved to S • “outsiders” • about 20K • Disfranchisement of Confederate leaders • ~10-15% of voters • changed w/Amnesty Act – 1872

  17. VII. White Resistance • several groups – esp. KKK • formed in TN – 1866 • intimidate, beat, kill • Enforcement Acts, 1870-71 • 3 separate laws • federal supervision of elections • limited suspension of habeas corpus • ended widespread terror • role of federal gov’t • state rights = Confed./white rule • federal rights = Rep./“black” rule • must have federal troops to enforce laws

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