5 Combating famine― Is technology a panacea for food shortages?

1. 5 Combating famine― Is technology a panacea for food shortages?

2. 5.1 What is famine? Where do most famines occur?

3. (Credit: Bo Mathisen/International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) It shows that some countries are facing the problem of food shortages. What is famine? Animals are also died of hunger People are suffering from hunger and malnutrition A severely malnourished child in Niger A starving child and his starving livestock (Credit: Reuters/OTHK)

4. What is famine? Famine refers to the situation in which many people die of severe food shortages. However, famine occurs less frequently when compared with hunger and malnutrition. Swelling of the abdomen is a common symptom in serious malnutrition (Credit: Bo Mathisen/International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies)

5. What is famine? How serious is the problem of hunger and malnutrition? _____ in seven people in the world are suffering from hunger and malnutrition. One

6. Where does famine most likely to occur? Which countries are less likely to suffer from food shortages? Risk of food shortages by country Source: FAO Statistical Yearbook 2004, Volume 1, the UNFAO

7. Where does famine most likely to occur? Western European countries Canada The USA Japan Australia Most of the ( less developed / industrialized ) countries have low risk of food shortages. They have a high level of economic development. They are usually rich and politically stable. GNP per capita by country Source: 2007 World Development Indicators, the World Bank

8. Where does famine most likely to occur? Which countries are more likely to suffer from food shortages? Risk of food shortages by country Source: FAO Statistical Yearbook 2004, Volume 1, the UNFAO

9. Where does famine most likely to occur? Mongolia North Korea Afghanistan Central and southern African countries Bangladesh The countries with high risk of food shortages are mostly less developed countries. They have a very low GNP per capita. Nearly half of them are in central and southern Africa. GNP per capita by country Source: 2007 World Development Indicators, the World Bank

10. Why do some countries have a high risk of food shortages whereas others have a low risk? Is the food production enough for feeding the world population? World production and consumption of cereals (million tonnes) Source: UNFAO The food production is ( not enough / enough ) for feeding the world population.

11. Why do some countries have a high risk of food shortages whereas others have a low risk? Why? World production and consumption of cereals (million tonnes) Source: UNFAO In ( Sub-Saharan Africa / Japan ), the food consumption is greater than its food production. Because Sub-Saharan Africa are poor and cannot afford to buy food from the world market.In fact, the world food supply is uneven. There are food shortages in ( Sub-Saharan Africa / Japan ), while Japan does not suffer from food shortages.

12. Why do some countries have a high risk of food shortages whereas others have a low risk? When food supplies cannot meet the demand, there are food shortages. Food demand Food supply Local farm production > Population size Food imports Food shortages Prolonged severe conditions Famine

13. Why do some countries have a high risk of food shortages whereas others have a low risk? Countries with a low risk of food shortages produce more than their people consume. They export and sell their surplus grains at world market prices. France Food surplus The USA Food surplus Net trade in food (2002-4) Source: FAO Statistical Yearbook 2005, Volume 1, the UNFAO

14. Why do some countries have a high risk of food shortages whereas others have a low risk? For rich countries whose food production is not enough to meet its demand, such as Japan, the problem of food shortages can be solved by importing food. France Food surplus Japan The USA Food shortages Food surplus How does Japan solve the problem of food shortages? Net trade in food (2002-4) Source: FAO Statistical Yearbook 2005, Volume 1, the UNFAO

15. Why do some countries have a high risk of food shortages whereas others have a low risk? Countries with a high risk of food shortages like the Sub-Saharan countries are unable to produce their own food to meet demand. They do not have moneyto buy food from the world market. France Food surplus The USA Food surplus Sub-Saharan countries Can Sub-Saharan countries solve the problem of food shortages by importing food? Food shortages Net trade in food (2002-4) Source: FAO Statistical Yearbook 2005, Volume 1, the UNFAO

16. Why do some countries have a high risk of food shortages whereas others have a low risk? Uneven food supply Food production > Food consumption Food consumption > Food production Food surplus Food shortages Export surplus food Not enough money to import food Import food Famine Sufficient food supply

17. What are the similarities found among countries where famine occurs? They are ( poor / rich ). Poor nutrition often leads to ( long / short ) life expectancy. They rely heavily on _____________. agriculture They are politically ( stable / unstable ). They have ( low / high ) education level. What are the characteristics of the countries which is more likely to suffer from famine? The birth rate is ( low / high ), leading to a high population growth.

18. How is famine related to agriculture? The food supply in a country is closely related to its level of food production. Food production Food supply Risk of famine In order to solve the problem of famine, can we increase food production by applying various agricultural technologies?