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Kauai “The Garden Island”

Goal Ho`oponopono Correct the imbalance Make it right 1. Reduce atmospheric CO2 levels by sequestering carbon in the form of biochar in soil 2. Become self reliant again for energy use and food production.

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Kauai “The Garden Island”

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  1. GoalHo`oponoponoCorrect the imbalanceMake it right1. Reduce atmospheric CO2 levels by sequestering carbon in the form of biochar in soil2. Become self reliant again for energy use and food production

  2. ObjectiveKuleanaAssume responsibility1. Burn local biomass for energy and carbon sequestration2. Improve agricultural sustainability by biochar carbon sequestration

  3. Kauai “The Garden Island”

  4. Lack of Soil Renewal in Hawai • Volcanic eruptions • Glaciation • Uplift • Loess • Vegetation

  5. Vertisols Oxisols Andisols Histisols Tradewinds

  6. Oxisol Vertisol Andisol

  7. Kauai Oxisol Test Soils Parameter Condition Target pH < 5.0 5.8 - 6.3 P ppm 7 – 20 > 30 K ppm 40 – 70 > 250 Ca ppm < 500 > 1500 Mg ppm < 200 > 400

  8. Kauai Oxisol Soils • - Some of the most weathered soils in the world • Clay soil but all silicon leached • - ore-level richness in iron and aluminum oxides • Very low cation exchange capacity • Fixes phosphates and nitrates • Very low pH

  9. Photo Kauai soil road cut Calcium Silicate added

  10. Feedstock tested: Albizzia Java Plum

  11. Biochar Production • Barrel retort • APL char retort • Pit • Microwave catalyst

  12. Experimental Design 1 • Control , Char 40, Fertilizer, Char 40 + Fertilizer • 10 replicates • Experimental Design 2 • Control , Char 5+F, Char 10+F, Char 20 +F, Char 40+F, Fertilizer • 5 replicates Fertilizer application = 1.0 lb 16-16-16 mix per 100 square foot equivalent, or 400 lbs per acre

  13. Tomato Experiment 19 Total Reproductive Structures

  14. Peppers

  15. Char 40 + Fert Fertilizer only

  16. Char 40 + Fert Fertilizer only

  17. Root Development Control Fertilizer Biochar + Fertilizer

  18. Conclusions Based on Greenhouse Trials Using Kauai Soils • Biochar alone does not improve plant growth or reproduction., must have nutrient inputs • All biochars seem to convey the same benefits when nutrients are added • In general, increasing application rates of biochar+fert increased plant growth. • Biochar amended soils retain benefits through several plantings • Benefits of biochar were primarily seen in reproduction

  19. MahaloUH-CCRT, NSF, HMI

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