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Normal And Abnormal Development Of Female Genital Tract

Normal And Abnormal Development Of Female Genital Tract. Dr Khalid Sait FRCSC A. Prof Gynecologist Oncologist. Embryology. Baby sex established at the time of fertilization ( sperm meet ovum )

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Normal And Abnormal Development Of Female Genital Tract

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  1. Normal And Abnormal Development Of Female Genital Tract Dr Khalid Sait FRCSC A. Prof Gynecologist Oncologist

  2. Embryology • Baby sex established at the time of fertilization ( sperm meet ovum ) • sperm 46 xy ovum 46 xx (23x + 23 y) (23 x + 23 x) Boy Girl

  3. Genetic sex XX / XY Gonadal sex Testes / Ovaries Hormones External genitalia Internal genitalia

  4. Embryology • Gonads appear as genital ridges by proliferation of coalemic epithelium(mesoderm) • Primordal germ cell appear in the endodermal cell in the wall of yolk sac , migrate along the mesentery of hindgut and invade the genital ridges • At 7 weeks the gonads of embryo: indistinguishable male and female ( indifferent gonad) • At 8 weeks if xx ----- Ovary xy------- Testis

  5. EmbryologyOvary • Gonadal ovary : medullary cord degenerate and cortical cord develop • Germ cells ----oogonia • 11-12 w : onset of oogenesis • 20 w : 7 million germ cells in each ovary • Birth : 2 millions • Puberty : 40,000 primary oocytes remaining in the ovaries. Only 400 ------------- secondary oocytes and extended at ovulation once every month during menst. Cycle. • Descend of ovary is not an active migration, but result of rapid growth of body and failure of gubernaculum to elongatee ( that why its maintain blood supply from the aorta

  6. Congenital Uterine Anomaly • Precise incidence is unknown (range from 1-2 %) • Clinical presentation: 1 Usually asymptomatic 2 Menstrual disorder 3Dysmenorrhea 4Recurrent abortion ( decrease intrauterine volume and vascularity, increase uterine irritability and cervical incompetance ) 5 Premature labor 6 Abnormal presentation 7 Primary infertility

  7. Congenital Uterine Anomaly • Diagnosis: History Pelvic exam Hysterosalpingography U/S MRI Laproscopy Hysteroscopy IVP or U/S (Exclude Renal anomaly )

  8. Congenital Uterine Anomaly • Treatment: 1-Double uterus (didelphic uterus): no need to treat. 2-Bicornate ut. --------- Strassmann procedure ( if indicated ) 3-Ut. Septum --------- (BCP for dysmenorrhea ), Tompkins metroplasty or Hysteroscopic resection of septum ) 4-Unicornate ut. -------- Surgery indicated if there is blind horn which cause symptom----- surgical resection of blind horn.

  9. Mullerian Agenesis • Mayer Custer Hauser Rokitansky Syndrome • 1: 4000 • Abscent upper vagina, cervix and uterus and tubes • Normal ovaries and vulva • Associated with spine and renal anomaly • Treatment: McIndoe procedure Self dilatation of vagina

  10. Vaginal Agenesis • 1: 5000 • Normal Vulva • Ass. With spine, renal and middle ear anomaly • Treatment: Karyotype, U/S - MRI ( only 5 % will have normal functioning uterus) Once patient sexually active 1-Gradual vaginal dilatation against vaginal dimple (daily for 20-30 mint for few month with gradual dilators size. 2-William procedure 3-Wharton and Macindo procedure

  11. Transverse Vaginal Septum • Mid vagina usually • May be partial or complete • Presentation: Primary amenorrhea Dysparonia • Treatment:Surgical resection

  12. Adult Equivalents of Embryonic Structures

  13. Imperforated Hymen  • Presentation: Primary Amenorrhea Pelvic mass • Treatment:Cuciate incision at hymen • Follow upEndometrosis Vaginal adenosis

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