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Overview of IEEE 802.16 / WiMAX

Overview of IEEE 802.16 / WiMAX. Presented by Dr. Sim Moh Lim mlsim2003@gmail.com. Part 1: Overview of WiMax (2h) Overview of the WiMax. History & Evolution Spectrum Network architectures Current status and future trend. Agenda. Overview. WIMAX / IEEE 802.16.

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Overview of IEEE 802.16 / WiMAX

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  1. Overview ofIEEE 802.16 / WiMAX Presented by Dr. Sim Moh Lim mlsim2003@gmail.com

  2. Part 1: Overview of WiMax (2h) Overview of the WiMax. History & Evolution Spectrum Network architectures Current status and future trend Agenda

  3. Overview

  4. WIMAX / IEEE 802.16 • WIMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access as defined by WiMax Forum • WiMAX networks refer to broadband wireless networks that are based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which ensures compatibility and interoperability between broadband wireless access equipment • The IEEE 802.16 standards define how wireless traffics move between subscriber equipment and core networks Source: SHASHI JAKKU

  5. WIMAX System: General Features • Subsystems: • A WiMAX tower • similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area as big as ~8,000 square km. • A WiMAX client terminal • The terminal receiver and antenna could be a small box or Personal Computer Memory card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today • Range: 50km from base station • Speed: 70 Megabits per second • Frequency bands: 2 to 11 and 10 to 66 (licensed and unlicensed bands) • IEEE 802.16 standards define both MAC and PHY layers and allow multiple PHY layer specifications

  6. 802.16a Uses the licensed frequencies from 2 to 11 GHz; supports Mesh network 802.16b Increase spectrum to 5 and 6 GHz Provides QoS( for real time voice and video service) 802.16c Spectrum from 10 to 66GHz 802.16d (d = a+b+c) Improvement and fixes for 802.16a 802.16e-2005 Addresses on Mobile Enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary for communication with users moving at vehicular speeds IEEE 802.16 Specifications • A family of standards for broadband wireless access Source: SHASHI JAKKU

  7. 802.16e Compatibility with 16d • 802.16e is the mobile extension from 802.16 • Modification in PHY from OFDM to Scalable OFDMA • Modification in MAC for security, handoff, roaming, & resource management • Service Specific Convergence Sub Layer Packet Classifier Header Suppression IP Ethernet ATM MAC Common Part & Security Sub Layers PDU Generation PDU Reassembly Connection Management Bandwidth Management Net Entry PHY Burst Scheduling Security/Privacy Key, AES, EAP Power Mgnt Sleep/Idle ARQ Handoff PHY Layer OFDMA 2-11GHz 2048FFT OFDM 2-11GHz 256FFT SC 10-66GHz SCa 2-11GHz OFDMA 2-11GHz 128, 256, 512,1024, 2048 802.16d 802.16e Source: BeyondSpot Technology

  8. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) • Multiplexing technique that divides the channel into multiple orthogonal subchannels • Input data stream is divided into several substreams of a lower data rate (increased symbol duration) and each substream is modulated and simultaneously transmitted on a separate subchannel with carrier orthogonal to each other • High spectral efficiency, resilient to interference, and low multi-path distortion FDM OFDM • OFDM is more spectral efficient as compared to FDM (allows more transmission channels)

  9. WiMAX Forum • Is an industry group founded in April 2001 • Consists of services providers, manufacturers, and related companies that have joined together to promote the family of technologies based upon the IEEE 802.16 standard • Ensure interoperability of IEEE 802.16* and other interoperable (ETSI HiperMAN*) systems • Equivalent in purpose to Wi-Fi Alliance for IEEE 802.11 • Develop Conformance Test Specifications • Host interoperability events • Provide WiMAX-Certified stamp of approval

  10. Players in WiMAX Forum • WiMAX Forum has >500 members (530 as at 26/11/08) • WiMAX members represent over 75% of current 2-11 GHz BWA equipment sales! And a lot more….. Source: WiMAx Forum

  11. Fixed WiMAX – 256 OFDM IEEE 802.16 World Mobile WiMAX - OFDMA WiBro WiMAX and IEEE 802.16 • “WiMAX” is a subset of IEEE 802.16 • No new features can be added • Mandatory features in 802.16 are mandatory in WiMAX, if included • Optional features in 802.16 may be optional, mandatory or not included Source: WiMAx Forum

  12. MODES OF OPERATION • WiMax can provide 2 forms of wireless service: • Non-LOS • Wi-Fi sort of service, where a small antenna on a computer connects to the tower. • Uses lower frequency range (2 to 11 GHz). • LOS • where a fixed antenna points straight at the WiMax tower from a rooftop or pole. • The LOS connection is stronger and more stable: higher throughput. • Uses higher frequencies: reaching a possible 66 GHz. • Through stronger LOS antennas, higher range can be achieved: up to 50km radius.

  13. Broadband Usage Scenarios • Fixed wireless access (FWA) • Wireless accessapplication in which the location of the end-user termination and the network access point to be connected to the end-user are fixed. • Backhaul for business • Consumer last mile • Nomadic wireless access (NWA) • Wireless access application in which the location of the end-user termination may be in different places but it must be stationary while in use. • Mobile wireless access (MWA) • Wireless access application in which the location of the end-user termination is mobile. Source: WiMAx Forum

  14. Types of access supported by WiMax Source: WiMax Forum

  15. History & Evolution

  16. Service Providers Ethernet System Integration Volume Network Software System Design & Architecture Equipment Mfrs Focus Custom MAC Custom, 802.11 or DOCSIS PHY Custom Radio 1980s 1990s 2000 2010 Why (earlier) BWA solutions have not taken off? Wireless Solutions Before WiMax: • Proprietary, vertical solutions • No volume silicon market – lack economies of scale • Lack of global spectrum Economies of scale as WiMax is an open standard solution Source: WiMAx Forum

  17. 2003 2002 1999 802.16 Standard History 2008 530 2006 Membership 802.16-2004 Fixed Broadband Wireless Standard (Revised : Covers <11 GHz NLOS & 10-66 GHz LOS Systems) 343 members 2005 802.16e Combined Fixed and Mobile Amendment for <11 GHz Licensed Systems(Formally approved in December 2005) 802.16c System Profiles for 10-66 GHz LOS Systems(Inactive) 2004 55 members 65 members 802.16a Fixed Broadband Wireless Standard for 2-11 GHz Non-LOS Systems(Inactive) 802.16 Fixed Broadband Wireless Standard for 10-66 GHz LOS Systems(Inactive) IEEE 802.16 Working Group Started Time Source: Intel & WiMax Forum

  18. WiMax Spectrum

  19. Global spectrum bands • WiMax Forum is focusing on 3 spectrum bands for global deployment: • Unlicensed 5 GHz: • Includes bands between 5.25 and 5.85 GHz. In the upper 5 GHz band (5.725 – 5.850 GHz) many countries allow higher power output (4 Watts) that makes it attractive for WiMax applications. • Unlicensed fixed outdoor services • Licensed 3.5 GHz: • Bands between 3.4 and 3.6 GHz have been allocated for BWA in majority of countries. • Explicitly allow Nomadic use in Fixed Wireless spectrum to support indoor modems and laptops • Licensed 2.5 GHz: • The bands between 2.5 and 2.6 GHz have been allocated in the US, Mexico, Brazil and in some SEA countries. In US this spectrum is licensed for MDS and ITFS. • New mobile services model and can address the broadband digital divide.

  20. Licensed vs. License-Exempt Solutions

  21. WiMax Network Architectures

  22. Home CSN Visited CSN NSP HA HA AAA ASN ASN GW (FA) ASN GW (FA) BS BS NAP Mesh BS BS BS BS P2MP or P2P MS CSN: Connectivity Service Network ASN: Access Service Network NSP: Network Service Provider NAP: Network Access Provider HA: Home Agent, FA: Foreign Agent AAA: Authentication, Authorization and Accounting Wimax Network System Architecture

  23. P2P P2MP Telco Core Network INTERNET 802.16 Network Architectures • Point-to-Point (P2P) Architecture • BS to BS • P2MP Architecture • BS serves several Subscriber Stations (SS) • Provides SS with first mile access to Public Networks • Mesh Architecture • Optional architecture for WiMAX Source: SHASHI JAKKU

  24. Key Goals for Network Architecture • Should support a common evolution path from fixed to portable to mobile • Support of IP infrastructure and a single topology to handle both packet voice and packet data efficiently • Should handle IP multicast to the cell-edge for efficient operations • Network Architecture should allow • Lower Latency • Higher data throughput • Future Investment Protection • Support Radio Evolution and/or multiple radio types • Build a mobile device model and network architecture that is much less expensive

  25. Current & Future

  26. Current Status • More Than 350 Operator Trials and Deployments in 65+ countries! • List of operators • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Deployed_WiMAX_networks Source: Intel, the WiMAX Forum

  27. Current Status - Malaysia • Existing fixed wireless BB licensed operators in WiMax bands • 2.5 GHz (TM, Airzed, AtlasOne, EB Tech, Jaring Comm, TTDotCom, Maxis) • 3.5 GHz (Airzed, Maxis, Nasioncom, TM, EB Tech, AtlasOne) • 4 new players awarded 2.3GHz WiMax licenses, March 2007 • Asiaspace: 2300 – 2330 (Peninsular) • Bizsurf (50% assoc of YRL e-solution): 2330 – 2360 (Peninsular) • MIB (55% sub of Green Packet): 2360 – 2390 (Peninsular) • Aug 08: Packet One Networks launched its WiMax service in Klang Valley. Used Alcatel-Lucent equipment. • 1.2Mbps (RM99) – 2.4Mbps (RM229) • Redtone-CNX : 2375-2400 (East M’sia) • Aug 08: Redtone launched its WiMax network in Kota Kinabalu. Used Motorola equipment.

  28. 4G (beyond 3G) / IMT Advanced • 4G, a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications, • is being developed to accommodate the quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications for "anytime-anywhere". • The 4G working group has defined the following as objectives of the 4G wireless communication standard: • A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions • Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks • Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks • High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc) • An all IP, packet switched network.

  29. Wireless Broadband Evolution to 4G • Mobile • Broadband • 4G • OFDM Based, • MIMO, All-IP • Core Cellular 2G 3G, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA LTE (2009) LTE advanced 1G Broadband Wireless 802.16d 802.16e 802.16 REV 2 (2009) 802.16m 802.11a/b/g 802.11n (2009) Wireless LAN

  30. Pre-4G Source: Wikipedia

  31. HSPA (High speed packet access) • HSPA+ boosts peak data rates to 42 Mbps on the downlink and 22 Mbps on the uplink • Use MIMO and higher order modulation • HSDPA (D = downlink) • 14.4 Mbps in downlink • 174 commercial networks in 76 countries • Can be achieved by software upgrade of existing 3G networks • HSUPA (U = uplink) • 5.76 Mbps in uplink

  32. LTE (Long term evolution) • Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8 Standards in progress (expected 2009) • a project within the 3GPP to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard • air interface is a completely new systems • based on OFDMA in the downlink and Single-carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA has low PAPR) in the uplink that efficiently supports multi-antenna techologies (MIMO).

  33. Thank You

  34. Backup Slides

  35. Advantages Fresh design meant for outdoor BWA Multipath advantages Spectral efficiency Global harmonization Issues Regulatory difficulty Power constraint High layer integration Market and time competition Global spectrum availability Major  & 

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