A 级语法专项复习

1. A级语法专项复习 2006-2011

2. 词性变化-1 • n. adj. • 1. economy – economic • 2. additional, traditional, musical, practical, national • 3. plentiful, thankful, successful, healthful, wonderful, cheerful • 4. short - shortage • 5. cost – costly, friend - friendly • 6. confidence – confident, difference – different, importance-important • 7. danger – dangerous • 8. gold – golden • 9. tour – tourist • 10. responsibility – responsible, comfort - comfortable • 11. luck – lucky

3. 词性变化-2 • v. n. • 1. settlement, equipment, development, payment, investment, appointment, achievement, • 2. relaxation, examination, operation, consideration, objection, protection, permission, application, solution, introduction, invitation, suggestion • 3. survive – survivor • 4. respond - response • 5. withdraw – withdrawal, arrive – arrival • 6. attend – attendance, performance, • 7. believe – belief • 8. employ-employee-employer • 9. growth • 10. complaint

4. 词性变化-3,4,5,6 • adj. adv. • fortunately, extremely, heavily, entirely, directly, effectively, deeply, quickly, occasionally, quickly, certainly • adj. v. • wide – widen, fast - fasten • modern – modernize • able - enable • adj. / adv. -er –est • early – earlier – earliest • little – less - least • good – better – best • bad – worse - worst practical – more ~ - most/least ~ • v. a. •  interesting, interested, boring, injured, advanced, required

5. 动词的变化 • do/does → did→ done • hear – ______ - _______ • say – ______ - _______ • send – ______ - _______ • spend – ______ - _______ • build – ______ - _______ • lose – ______ - _______ • leave – ______ - _______ • understand – __________ • – __________ do/does → did → done write – ______ - _______ forbid–_______-________ shake – ______ - _______ come – ______ - _______ go –______ - _______ know – ______ - _______ take – ______ - _______ become – _______ - _______ written wrote heard heard said said forbade forbidden sent shook shaken sent spent spent come came gone built went built known lost lost knew left taken left took understood became understood become

6. 动词时态：一般时 • (1) We are going to Florida as soon as we (finish) _____ taking our final exams.（一般现在时表示将来） • (2) During the earthquake the room (shake) _____and all the pictures fell off the wall. （一般过去时） • (3) The police promised that they (try) _____ their best to look into the matter. （一般将来时）

7. 动词时态：进行时 • (1) Listen! Who (sing) _____ in the next room? The voice is so beautiful!（现在进行时） • (2) When I found Linda, she (play) _____ table tennis with her friend Jean.（过去进行时） • (3) This time next week, I’ll be on vacation. Probably I (lie) ________ on a beautiful beach.（将来进行时）

8. 动词时态：完成时 • (1) We (say) ______ enough on how to learn a foreign language.（现在完成时） • (2) That was the first time I (speak) ________ English with a foreigner.（过去完成时） • (3) By the time you get to Shanghai tomorrow I (leave) ________ for Chongqing.（将来完成时） • (4) We hoped that by the end of the year we (finish) _________ the job.（过去将来完成时） • (5) I’m sorry not to (come) ________ on time due to the traffic block on my way.（不定式的完成式）

9. 动词时态：情态动词 • (1) You didn’t finish the work in time. You______ us since you were there.（虚拟语气--本来能做而没做） • A. might help B. should help • C. could have help D. must have helped • (2) Look, the trees are fallen. There _______ a strong wind.（表示肯定推测） • A. must be B. should have been • C. must have been D. could be • (3) The doctor said I _____ go back to the hospital; my leg is all right now.（表示需要，必要） • A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. won’t D. can’t • (4) You are late for work again, Miss Jane. You _____ have been here half an hour earlier.（虚拟语气—本来应该做而没做） • A. could B. must C. may D. should • (5) His mother told me that he _____ read quite well at the age of five.（表示能力） • A. should B. would C. could D. might

10. 动词时态：虚拟语气 • (1) Jack’s father suggested that Jack (stay) _______ in London for a few more days. (insist, require)（坚决要命） • (2) I think it’s high time we (take) ______ strict measures to stop pollution.（该做什么了） • (3) If we (know) _______ that the books were available, we would have bought them yesterday.（If条件句） • (5) Frankly speaking, I’d rather you (say) ______ nothing about it for the time being.（宁愿…, 一般过去时表现在和将来，过去完表过去）

11. 动词时态：倒装句 • (1) So loudly ______________ that people could hear it out in the street.(“so+状语”位于句首) • A. did the students play the music B. the students playing the music • C. the students played the music D. have the students played the music • (2) Since Dick was busy, he rarely had time to go to the cinema; _________.（也是如此） • A. Jane did too B. Jane didn’t as well • C. so did Jane D. nor did Jane • (3) ___________ got in the wheat than it began to rain heavily.（含有否定词，半否定词的状语位于句首） • A. No sooner have they B. No sooner had they • C. No sooner they have D. No sooner they had • (4) ________ last Friday, he would have got to Paris.（If条件句用在虚拟语气中，省略If构成倒装） • A. would he leave B. Had he left C. If he is to leave D. If he was leaving

12. 动词时态：现在分词 • (1) People (live) _____ comfortably in the towns hardly feel the pleasure of living in the country.（作定语） • (2) _________ with his report, the boss told John to write it all over again.（作原因状语） • A. Not being satisfied B. Not having satisfied C. Not to satisfy D. Not satisfying • (3) The May Day Holiday (be) _______over, we must now get down to work.（独立主格结构） • (4) We were shocked to find that the man (come) _______ towards us was carrying a gun.（find sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事） • (5) (Judge) _______ from last year’s experience, the coach knows he should not expect too much of his team. (垂悬分词) • (6) Last night we all went to the cinema, because the film was very (excite) ______.（v-ing形容事物特征等） • (7) He always has great trouble (understand) _______ what the teacher says in class.（have trouble in doing sth.做某事有麻烦）

13. 动词时态：过去分词 • (1) When (ask) ______ why he came to the exhibition, he said he had been interested in oil paintings for years.(主从句主语一致，从句主语与谓语是动宾关系，可以采用省略主语与系动词的形式) • (2) If all the people agree on the (suggest) ______ plan, we shall hold the sports meet at the end of this month.（定语，表示被动） • (3) (give) _____ more instructions, the students would have done the exercises much better. （条件状语，表示被动） • (4) Trying to make himself (hear) ______, he shouted at the top of his voice. （作宾语补足语，表被动） • (5) If (keep) _____ in the fridge, the fruit can remain fresh for more than a week.（条件省略句，表示被动） • (6) (frighten) _____ by the explosion, we all rushed out of the hall. （原因状语，表被动）

14. 动词时态：动名词 • (1) Education is regarded as the key to (make) ________ progress. （介词宾语） • (2) The teacher didn’t mind (help) _______ the student in the spare time.（动词宾语） • (3) There’s no use (bargain) _______ any more. It’s a fixed price. （固定句型）

15. 动词时态：主谓一致 • (1) Neither the clerks nor the manager (know) _____ anything about the accident now.（就近原则） • (2) Doctor Richard, together with his wife and three children, (be) _____ to arrive in Beijing this afternoon. （就远原则） • (3) The battle was over, and the wounded (send) _______ to hospital at once.（the +形表示一类人） • (4) Generally speaking, the front page of newspapers (devote) ___________ to the most important news of the day. (与介词of之前的名词一致) • (5) Most of the high school students who (interview) __________ • ____________ yesterday believed that they should continue their education. (与介词of之后的名词一致)

16. 动词时态：被动语态 • (1) It is known to everyone that no smoking (permit) ______ in the library. （一般现在时） • (2) This suit is rather dirty now. It’s some time since it (wash) _______.（一般过去时） • (3) A new hospital (build) ______ in our hometown now.（现在进行时） • (4) When he arrived at the hospital, he asked worriedly who (operate) _________ on.（过去进行时） • (5)The cause of the accident may never (discover) _____ in spite of the effort of the police.（情态动词之后） • (6)Three new buildings (build)________ on the campus by the end of this year. （将来完成时） • (7) The boy was afraid of (leave) ______ alone in the room at night.（介词之后） • (8) It is easy to think that a witness who saw a crime (commit) ___________ will be able to give all the answers. （感官动词之后）

17. 动词时态：状语从句 • (1) __ woke me up was a loud cry from someone in the next room. • A. How B. That C. What D. Which • (3)The news ____ the Chinese football team had won the match excited all of us. • A. that B. which C. what D. as • (4) The police knew nothing about the case ______ you phoned them. • A. while B. since C. after D. until • (5) She didn’t know _____ to express her ideas clearly when she was invited to speak at a meeting. • A. where B. why C. how D. what • (6) ______ he is still working on the project, I don’t mind when he will finish it. • A. In case B. As long as C. Even if D. As far as • (7) ______ breaks the law will be punished sooner or later. • A. Who B. Someone C. Anyone D. Whoever • (8) We moved to London ____ we could visit our friends more often. • A. even if B. so that C. in case D. as if

18. 动词时态：定语从句的引导词 • (1) Opposite the square is a very tall building, _____ top is well above the tops of the trees. • A. its B. whose C. which D. that • (2)The old teacher still remembered my name and the year _____ I had studied. • A. in that B. in which C. on that D. on which • (3) The hotel _____ I stayed during the vacation was rather poorly managed. • A. as B. where C. which D. what • (4) Tom had an argument with Bill, ____ was known to all. • A. what B. that C. this D. which • (5) _____ is often the case, one third of the workers have over-fulfilled the production plan. • A. what B. This C. That D. As • (6) Our department has a large collection of books, _____ are in English. • A. many of which B. many of them C. many ones D. their many

19. 小荷才露尖尖角，早有蜻蜓立上头。