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The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era. 1901-1918. Who were the “Progressives”?. Generally middle-class residents of US cities representing a diversity of interests…

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The Progressive Era

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  1. The Progressive Era 1901-1918

  2. Who were the “Progressives”? • Generally middle-class residents of US cities representing a diversity of interests… • Women’s suffrage, prohibition, social welfare, voting reforms, labor, political machines, municipal reform, trust-busting, railroad regulation, consumer protection, conservation, civil rights

  3. Why Now? • What is the population like? Demographics? Population density? • Who is president? • What is happening with industry? With business?

  4. Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives

  5. Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives How the other half lives

  6. Muckraking…the New Yellow Journalism? Yellow Journalism Muckraking

  7. Make your own campaign • Consider the intent behind yellow journalism and muckraking, how do you see it in play today? • Take out a sheet of paper and create your own example. • Use a catchy or sensationalized title to draw the viewer in • Think about what your intent is in the ad • Examples will be hung up around the class

  8. Political Reforms • Australian (secret) Ballot • Direct primaries • Social welfare • Direct election of US Senators • Initiative, referendum, recall

  9. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • Presidents usually took side of business during labor conflicts, Roosevelt sought a square deal for business and labor • Anthracite coal strike- 1902 • Called union leaders and mine owner to white House • Owners refused to compromise, so Roosevelt threatened to take the mine over. • 10% wage increase, 9 hour workday, no union recognition

  10. Roosevelt’s Trust-Busting • Enforced Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 • Northern Securities Company • 40 other large, “bad trusts”

  11. Upton Sinclair- The Jungle

  12. Consumer Protection-1906 • Pure Food and Drug Act- prevented food and drugs from being inferior or misleadingly labeled • Meat Inspection Act- allowed federal inspectors to ensure sanitation standards

  13. Conservation

  14. Election of 1908 • Republican Candidate- William Howard Taft • Democratic Candidate- William Jennings Bryan…again Sorry WJB…

  15. Taft the Successor • Brought 90 suits against trust vs. Roosevelt’s 44 • Standard Oil Company • U.S. Steel- Roosevelt took it personally • Mann-Elkins Act (1910)- ICC can suspend railroad rates, and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies • 16th Amendment (1913)- US govt. can collect an income tax

  16. Trouble in Progressive-ise • Payne-Adrich Tariff • Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy • House Speaker Joe Cannon • Midterm Elections of 1910

  17. Exit Ticket • Why did the “Progressive Era” begin in 1901?

  18. The Bull-Moose • “My hat is in the ring!” • “The fight is on and I am stripped to the buff!” • Conservative Republicans block Rooseveltites in the nominating convention • TR gets nominated at a Progressive Republican Convention

  19. Election of 1912 Woodrow Wilson Democrat William Howard Taft Republican Theodore Roosevelt Bull-Moose Party

  20. Roosevelt’s New Nationalism • Greater government regulation of businesses and unions • Women’s suffrage • Social welfare programs

  21. Wilson’s New Freedom • Limit big business and big government • End corruption • Support small business • Free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets

  22. Results • Wilson-435 electoral votes, 41% • Roosevelt-88 electoral votes, 27% • Taft-8 electoral votes, 23% • Debs- None, 6%

  23. Wilsonian Progressivism • Dynamic chief executive role • Against “triple wall of privilege”- tariffs, banking, trusts • Underwood Tariff-significantly lowered tariffs, paid for by graduated income tax rate

  24. Wilsonian Progressivism • Clayton Antitrust Act- strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act, exempts unions from being prosecuted as trusts • Federal Trade Commission- power to take action against any “unfair trade practice” • Federal Farm Loan Act- established 12 regional federal farm loan banks • Child Labor Act- prohibits shipment of products manufactured by children under 14

  25. Progressive Roulette! • Temperance • Women’s Suffrage • Socialism • Civil Rights • Labor • Social Welfare

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