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Catholicity

Catholicity. The Lutheran Reformation and . NE District Pastors’ Institute April 2013. Outline The 1520’s The Augustana : De Ecclesia Luther: On the Councils and the Church (1538) Melanchthon, History, and the Nature of the Church The Ecumencial Lutherans.

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Catholicity

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  1. Catholicity The Lutheran Reformation and NE District Pastors’ Institute April 2013

  2. Outline The 1520’s The Augustana: De Ecclesia Luther: On the Councils and the Church (1538) Melanchthon, History, and the Nature of the Church The Ecumencial Lutherans Catholicity &Reformation

  3. The MDXX’s Catholicity &Reformation

  4. The MDXX’s • The Renaissance • By 900 A.D., Cordoba had a library with over 400,000 volumes • By mid 10th century, Moorish Spain had over 70 public libraries and 17 universities. • Christian Europe had 0 public libraries, and 2 universities Catholicity &Reformation

  5. The MDXX’s • The Renaissance • The revival of classical learning • Blossoming nationalism Catholicity &Reformation Aristotelian categories - systematics Interest in Greek – text, Fathers

  6. The MDXX’s The Renaissance Catholicity &Reformation • Philipp Melanchthon (1497-1560) • Grand-nephew of Johann Reuchlin • Polymath: Master’s degree from Tubingen – 1516 • Inaugural Address (1518): “On the Reform of Studies” • Corpus Reformationum(CR) Vol. XVI – XIX • Greek grammar (1518) • Commentaries all many classics

  7. The MDXX’s The Renaissance Catholicity &Reformation • Philipp Melanchthon (1497-1560) • The rising interest in Patristics in Wittenberg* • Luther’s statements at Leipzig about “councils err” plunged him into a study of Church history to validate this. • 1519 – Luther lectures on Scripture and Fathers in place of Peter Lombard • Collection of / editions of texts of the Fathers • * P. Fraenkel, TestimoniaPatrum (1961)

  8. The MDXX’s The Renaissance Catholicity &Reformation • Philipp Melanchthon (1497-1560) • The rising interest in Patristics in Wittenberg* • 1521 – Diatribe Against the Sorbonne • Aristotle (Scotus, Ockham) vs. Scripture & Fathers • * P. Fraenkel, TestimoniaPatrum (1961)

  9. The MDXX’s • 1521 – Diatribe Against the Sorbonne • “The patristic argument is integrated with the scriptural argument, because the return to Scripture is identical with the return to the best teaching of the Fathers, and because hearing the Church (as Luther does) is not equivalent to hearing anyone who arbitrarily pretends to be the Church (as the University of Paris does), but to hearing the true Church which teaches the true Word of God – otherwise the idea of Catholicity becomes meaningless.” (p.34)* • * P. Fraenkel, TestimoniaPatrum (1961) Catholicity &Reformation

  10. The MDXX’s • 1521 – Diatribe Against the Sorbonne • The heart of Melanchthon’s argument: • The Fathers and Councils are dependent, secondary authorities • The are only as good as much as they agree with Scripture (p.42)* • Negatively: they must pass the test of Scripture • Positively: they are witness to the orthodox faith • * P. Fraenkel, TestimoniaPatrum (1961) Catholicity &Reformation This becomes Melanchthon’s standard formula that drives his theological work right up through 1530 (and beyond).

  11. The MDXX’s • 1521, 1535, 1543, 1559 • The Expansion of the Loci Communes • 1521 – Advocate of patristic studies… but primarily based on the Book of Romans. • No real conflict between authority of Scripture and Fathers • Growth of patristic quotes… but also a deeper understanding of their place • The Fathers witness to foundational Christian doctrine totally, but to 16th cent. church problems selectively. • * P. Fraenkel, TestimoniaPatrum (1961) Catholicity &Reformation

  12. The MDXX’s • The Fathers witness to foundational Christian doctrine totally, but to 16th cent. church problems selectively. • * P. Fraenkel, TestimoniaPatrum (1961) Catholicity &Reformation Marburg 1529

  13. The MDXX’s Catholicity &Reformation • “Finally the Zwinglians asked that the Lutherans might accept them as brethren and members of the Church. This the Lutherans entirely rejected. The final decision was that the Zwinglians be regarded as our friends (as one is obligated to love even an enemy), but not as brethren and members of the Church.” • J. Brenz at Marburg, 1529* • *Schwiebert, p. 713

  14. The MDXX’s Catholicity &Reformation “catholicity” The Lord’s Supper

  15. 1530 The Augustana Catholicity &Reformation

  16. Pre-June 25 Meeting of Princes with Charles V Catholicity &Reformation

  17. Pre-June 25: Luther Catholicity &Reformation “I have read Master Philip’s Apologia, and it pleases me very much. I know of nothing to improve or change in it, and that would not be appropriate anyway, for I cannot tread so softly or gently as he. Christ our Lord help that it bear much and great fruit, as we hope and pray. Amen.” -- Luther

  18. June 25 Article I:  Of God. Article II:  Of Original Sin. Article III:  Of the Son of God. Article IV:  Of Justification. Article V:  Of the Ministry. Article VI:  Of New Obedience. Article VII:  Of the Church. Article VIII:  What the Church Is. Article IX:  Of Baptism. Article X:  Of the Lord's Supper. Article XI:  Of Confession. Article XII:  Of Repentance.  Catholicity &Reformation

  19. June 25 Article XIII: Of the Use of the Sacraments. Article XIV:  Of Ecclesiastical Order. Article XV:  Of Ecclesiastical Usages. Article XVI:  Of Civil Affairs. Article XVII:   Of Christ's Return to Judgment. Article XVIII:   Of Free Will. Article XIX:  Of the Cause of Sin. Article XX:  Of Good Works. Article XXI:  Of the Worship of the Saints.  Catholicity &Reformation

  20. The MDXX’s The Growing Concept of Lutheran Catholicity 15 July, 1530 “But if this reward should befall us, namely, that – by the own witness of our adversaries – no article of the faith is violated, clearly we have obtained even more than what I sought, liberation from the offense of the label “heretic.” - Luther to Melancthon(WABr 5/480) Catholicity &Reformation

  21. The MDXX’s Article VII: Of the Church. Also they teach that one holy Church is to continue forever. The Church is the congregation of saints, in which the Gospel is rightly taught and the Sacraments are rightly administered. And to the true unity of the Church it is enough to agree concerning the doctrine of the Gospel and the administration of the Sacraments. Nor is it necessary that human traditions, that is, rites or ceremonies, instituted by men, should be everywhere alike. As Paul says: One faith, one Baptism, one God and Father of all, etc. Eph. 4, 5. 6. Catholicity &Reformation

  22. The MDXX’s Article VII: Of the Church. Catholicity &Reformation • Studies in the Augsburg Confession • “True unity of the Church…” • Not organization • Not rites and ceremonies • Not words • Not historical continuity

  23. The MDXX’s Article VII: Of the Church. Catholicity &Reformation Studies in the Augsburg Confession “The chief purpose of our public services is to dispense the grace of God, the forgiveness of sins, to the congregation through the means of grace, Word and sacraments.” (p.111)

  24. The MDXX’s Article VII: Of the Church. Catholicity &Reformation Studies in the Augsburg Confession “Remember the doctrine of the Gospel was not drawn up by men. It was God who revealed it to us. God considered it important to embody in his gospel also all the points which to us may seem less essential. They are his doctrine as well as all those points we we may call most important.” (p.113)

  25. 1538 On the Councils and the Church Catholicity &Reformation

  26. The Elusive Council [21] If the outcome, therefore, should be such that the differences between us and the other parties in the matter of religion should not be amicably and in charity settled, then here, before Your Imperial Majesty we make the offer in all obedience, in addition to what we have already done, that we will all appear and defend our cause in such a general, free Christian Council, for the convening of which there has always been accordant action and agreement of votes in all the Imperial Diets held during Your Majesty's reign, on the part of the Electors, Princes, and other Estates of the Empire. (U.A.C.) Catholicity &Reformation

  27. The Elusive Council: 1538 it must be a free, not a papal council; Protestants must be invited as full participants, not as heretics; its decisions must be based upon the authority of Holy Scripture and not upon that of the pope; and it must be held in Germany, if at all possible.5 Martin Luther, vol. 41, Luther's Works, Vol. 41: Church and Ministry III, ed. Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, Hilton C. Oswald and Helmut T. Lehmann, 6 (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1999). Catholicity &Reformation

  28. Part I: Reformation of the True Church Catholicity &Reformation • “What should we do now? If we should take the church back to the teaching and ways of the fathers and the councils, there stands St. Augustine to confuse us and thwart our plan because under no circumstances does he want reliance placed on the fathers, bishops, councils, as learned and holy as they may be, or on himself. Instead, he directs us to Holy Scripture. Outside of that, so he says, all is uncertain, lost, and in vain.” • Martin Luther, vol. 41, Luther's Works, Vol. 41: Church and Ministry III, ed. Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, Hilton C. Oswald and Helmut T. Lehmann, 27 (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1999).

  29. Part II: The Councils of the True Church • “Since they themselves now say and confess that it is the old true faith in which we were baptized and in which we were instructed, why should we concede to the councils the great power to establish new doctrines and to burn as heretics all who do not believe them? That would indeed mean misunderstanding the councils and not knowing at all what a council is or what its office and function are; it would be to look merely at the letters and to give the council complete power, even over God!” • Martin Luther, vol. 41, Luther's Works, Vol. 41: Church and Ministry III, ed. Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, Hilton C. Oswald and Helmut T. Lehmann, 93 (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1999). Catholicity &Reformation

  30. Part III: The Marks of the True Church Catholicity &Reformation “… not just ecclesia… but sancta catholica Christiana… • Recognized by their possession of the holy word of God • Not all, though, in equal measure (1 Cor 3:12-14) • Recognized by the holy sacrament of baptism

  31. Part III: The Marks of the True Church Catholicity &Reformation “… not just ecclesia… but sancta catholica Christiana… Recognized by the holy sacrament of the altar Recognized by the office of the keys exercised publicly

  32. Part III: The Marks of the True Church Catholicity &Reformation “… not just ecclesia… but sancta catholica Christiana… V. By the consecration / called ministers, or has offices that it is to administer. “They have cast us poor theologians, together with the fathers, from their books; for this we thank them most kindly. Now they propose to throw us out of the church and out of Scripture; and they themselves are not worthy to be in them.”

  33. Part III: The Marks of the True Church Catholicity &Reformation “… not just ecclesia… but sancta catholica Christiana… VI. Recognized by prayer, public praise, and thanksgiving to God VII. Recognized by the holy possession of the sacred cross. The Seven Holy Possessions of the Church

  34. Part III: The Marks of the True Church “[Luther] freed the Fathers from tradition. At long last it was possible for them to be mistaken.” - Manfred Schulze Catholicity &Reformation

  35. 1533-1559 Melanchthon, History, and the Nature of the Church Catholic Catholicity &Reformation

  36. The Seven Liberal Arts Catholicity &Reformation

  37. What’s the big deal with historia ? • Ties in closely with patrology • The quest for legitimacy • What are the patterns of history? • Is the Reformation… an expected pattern? Catholicity &Reformation

  38. What’s the big deal with historia ? • Knowing the times in which we live • What about Germany? • What about the Papacy? • What about the Turks? Catholicity &Reformation

  39. Carion’sChronicle: 1533 (1st ed.) Catholicity &Reformation Johannes Carion (1499-1537)

  40. Carion’sChronicle: Melanchthon Catholicity &Reformation Adam Noah Abraham David Captivity Christ 1000 yrs. 1000 yrs. 1000 yrs. 1000 yrs. 1000 yrs. 1000 yrs. The Sabbath: 1000 yrs.

  41. Augustine’s Model: Adapts the Jewish Prophecy of Elias Catholicity &Reformation Adam 1000 yrs. – 10 generations (Void) 2000 yrs. Ante Legem Noah 1000 yrs. – 10 generations Abraham 1000 yrs. – 14 generations Torah 2000 yrs. Sub Legem David 1000 yrs. – 14 generations Captivity 1000 yrs. – 14 generations Messiah 2000 yrs. Sub Gratia Christ 1000 yrs. – ??? generations

  42. The Four Monarchies Model Catholicity &Reformation translatioimperii

  43. Melanchthon’s Model Catholicity &Reformation (Void) 2000 yrs. Ante Legem Torah 2000 yrs. Sub Legem Messiah 2000 yrs. Sub Gratia

  44. Melanchthon’s Model The NT 250 / 500 Year Cycle (Peucer / Melanchthon) Catholicity &Reformation • Accurately reflected in Melancthon’s 1548 oration: • Luther and the Ages of the Church • Apostolic / Post-Apostolic Age • Age of Origen • Age of Augustine • Age of the Monks • Age of Luther

  45. Melanchthon’s Model The NT 250 / 500 Year Cycle (Peucer / Melanchthon) Catholicity &Reformation 1st Period: Apostles to Gregory the Great (ca 500) 2nd Period: Gregory to Investiture Controversy (ca. 500) 3rd Period: Investiture Controversy to Reformation (ca. 500) The ebb and flow of controversy, reform, “peace”

  46. Melanchthon’s Model Catholicity &Reformation What was Melanchthon out to accomplish? Debunking papal political & ecclesiastical power To show that history was not the history of the papacy / Roman church, but the preservation of the Church throughout the ages via reform Legitimize Germany’s rule (Renaissance nationalism)

  47. Fraenkel’s Summary: Melanchthon’s Five Laws of Church History The world hates the Gospel; majority of mankind are atheists The true Church is always a minority … but a “minority in continuity.” The law of reformation: Ecclesia renascitur The law of relativity: error and corruption are never total, since they never quite destroy the faith of the Church. Catholicity &Reformation

  48. Fraenkel’s Summary: Melanchthon’s Five Laws of Church History The law of distinction: “The true Christian faith can be conceived as true not only because error is absent from the period and the milieu in which it is preached and taught, but also – perhaps even primarily – because it is clearly separated and distinguished from the error that exists simultaneously.” Catholicity &Reformation How do these observations affect our concept of “catholicity”?

  49. The Ecumenical Lutherans Catholicity &Reformation

  50. The Ecumenical Lutherans Augsburg, 1530 Catholicity &Reformation

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