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Introdução Protocolo orientado à mensagem (paradigma Pedido/Resposta) Utiliza o protocolo TCP

Introdução Protocolo orientado à mensagem (paradigma Pedido/Resposta) Utiliza o protocolo TCP Porto 80 (por omissão) Principal Protocolo utilizado na WEB Prevê o uso de Proxys HTTP 0.9 HTTP 1.0 ( http://www.fe.up.pt/~jvv/net/rfc1945.txt )

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Introdução Protocolo orientado à mensagem (paradigma Pedido/Resposta) Utiliza o protocolo TCP

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  1. Introdução Protocolo orientado à mensagem (paradigma Pedido/Resposta) Utiliza o protocolo TCP Porto 80 (por omissão) Principal Protocolo utilizado na WEB Prevê o uso de Proxys HTTP 0.9 HTTP 1.0 (http://www.fe.up.pt/~jvv/net/rfc1945.txt) HTTP 1.1 (http://www.fe.up.pt/~jvv/net/rfc2068.txt) Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  2. HTTP 0.9 Formato das Mensagens HTTP-message = Simple-Request | Simple-Response Pedidos Simple-Request = “GET” SP Request-URI CRLF Request-URI = absoluteURI | abs_path absoluteURI = scheme ":" *( uchar | reserved ) abs_path = "/" rel_path Respostas Simple-Response = [Entity-Body] Entity-Body = *OCTET Exemplo Establecimento da ligação ao servidor Telnet alf.fe.up.pt 80 Pedido GET /lixo.tmp Resposta <HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>404 File Not Found</TITLE> </HEAD><BODY> <H1>File Not Found</H1> The requested URL /lixo.tmp was not found on this server.<P> </BODY></HTML> Nota: O formato Absolute-URI só é usado com proxys Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  3. HTTP 1.0 Formato das Mensagens HTTP-message = Simple-Request | Simple-Response | Full-Request | Full -Response Pedidos Full-Request = Request-Line *( General-Header | Request-Header | Entity-Header ) CRLF [ Entity-Body ] Request-Line = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-Version CRLF Method = "GET” | "HEAD” | "POST” | extension-method Respostas Full-Response = Status-Line *( General-Header | Response-Header | Entity-Header ) CRLF [ Entity-Body ] Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF Status-Code = "200" ; OK | "400" ; Bad Request | "404" ; Not Found Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  4. HTTP 1.0 Exemplo 1 (acesso directo) Establecimento da ligação directa ao servidor Telnet www.inescn.pt 80 Pedido GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 Resposta HTTP/1.0 200 Document follows Date: Fri, 03 Apr 1998 15:13:48 GMT Server: NCSA/1.5 Content-type: text/html <HTML> … </BODY> </HTML> Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  5. HTTP 1.0 Exemplo 2 (acesso via proxy) Establecimento da ligação ao proxy Telnet alf.fe.up.pt 8080 Pedido GET http://www.inescn.pt/index.html HTTP/1.0 Resposta HTTP/1.0 200 Document follows Date: Fri, 03 Apr 1998 15:34:07 GMT Server: NCSA/1.5 Content-type: text/html <HTML> … </HTML> Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  6. HTTP 1.1 Formato das Mensagens HTTP-message = Request | Response Pedidos Request = Request-Line *( General-Header | Request-Header | Entity-Header ) CRLF [ message-body ] Request-Line = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-Version CRLF Method = "GET” | ”OPTIONS” | ”TRACE” | "HEAD” | ”DELETE” | ”PUT” | "POST” | extension-method Request-URI = “*” | absoluteURI | abs_path Respostas Response = Status-Line *( General-Header | Response-Header | Entity-Header ) CRLF [ Entity-Body ] Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  7. HTTP 1.1 Alguns Headers Host Request-Header (obrigatório) Especifica o Host e o Porto Sintaxe: “Host” “:” host [“:” port] Exemplo: Host: www.fe.up.pt Content-Length Entity-Header Indica em decimal o tamanho em bytes do Entity-body Sintaxe: Content-Length = "Content-Length" ":" 1*DIGIT Exemplo: Content-Length: 1024 Content-type Entity-Header Define os tipo de mensagem Sintaxe: Content-Type = "Content-Type" ":" media-type Exemplo: Content-Type: image/gif If-Modified-Since Request-Header Usado com o método GET O documento só é transferido se tiver sido alterado depois da data especificada Em caso negativo é retornado o código 304 (not modified) Sintaxe: If-Modified-Since = "If-Modified-Since" ":" HTTP-date Exemplo: If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  8. HTTP 1.1 Alguns Headers (cont…) Location Response-Header Usado para redirecionar os clientes para a nova localização do documento Sintaxe: Location = "Location" ":" absoluteURI Exemplo: Location: http://www.fe.up.pt/~jvv/net/rfc2068.txt Exemplos Exemplo 1 (Header Host) Establecimento da ligação Telnet www.fe.up.pt 80 Pedido GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.fe.up.pt Resposta HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 23 Apr 1998 09:49:52 GMT Server: Apache/1.2.1 Last-Modified: Sun, 29 Mar 1998 18:04:41 GMT ETag: "8-992-351e8d39" Content-Length: 2450 Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Type: text/html <html> …. </html> Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  9. HTTP 1.1 Exemplos (cont…) Exemplo 2 (Método OPTIONS) Establecimento da ligação Telnet www.fe.up.pt 80 Pedido OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1 Host:www.fe.up.pt Resposta HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 23 Apr 1998 10:28:26 GMT Server: Apache/1.2.1 Content-Length: 0 Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  10. HTTP 1.1 Exemplos (cont…) Exemplo 3 (Método TRACE) Establecimento da ligação Telnet alf.fe.up.pt 8080 Pedido TRACE http://www.napri.sk/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.napri.sk Resposta HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 23 Apr 1998 12:56:11 GMT Server: Apache/1.2.3 Connection: close Content-Type: message/http TRACE / HTTP/1.0 Host: www.napri.sk Cache-control: Max-age=259200 Via: 1.1 www.fe.up.pt:8080 (Squid/1.1.8), 1.0 www.up.pt:8080 (Squid/1.1.10), 1.0 proxy.porto.rccn.net:3128 (Squid/1.1.10) X-Forwarded-For: 193.136.28.15, 193.136.28.15, 193.136.51.8 Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  11. HTTP 1.1 Exemplos (cont…) Exemplo 4 (Header If-Modified-Since) Establecimento da ligação Telnet www.fe.up.pt 80 Pedido GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.fe.up.pt If-Modified-Since: Sun, 29 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT Resposta HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 23 Apr 1998 09:55:21 GMT Server: Apache/1.2.1 Last-Modified: Sun, 29 Mar 1998 18:04:41 GMT ETag: "8-992-351e8d39" Content-Length: 2450 Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Type: text/html <html> …. </html> Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  12. HTTP 1.1 Exemplos (cont…) Exemplo 5 (Header If-Modified-Since) Establecimento da ligação Telnet www.fe.up.pt 80 Pedido GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.fe.up.pt If-Modified-Since: Sun, 29 Mar 1998 20:00:00 GMT Resposta HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified Date: Thu, 23 Apr 1998 09:59:33 GMT Server: Apache/1.2.1 ETag: "8-992-351e8d39" Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  13. HTTP 1.1 Exemplos (cont…) Exemplo 6 (Header Location) Establecimento da ligação Telnet www.virgilio.it 80 Pedido GET / HTTP/1.1 Host:www.virgilio.it Resposta HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Server: Netscape-Enterprise/3.0F Date: Thu, 23 Apr 1998 12:51:29 GMT Location: http://www.virgilio.it/home/index.html Connection: close Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

  14. Exemplo 7 (pipelinig) Establecimento da ligação Telnet www.fe.up.pt 80 Pedido GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.fe.up.pt GET /feupwww/img/back2.jpg HTTP/1.1 Host: www.fe.up.pt Resposta HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 23 Apr 1998 10:10:56 GMT Server: Apache/1.2.1 Last-Modified: Sun, 29 Mar 1998 18:04:41 GMT ETag: "8-992-351e8d39" Content-Length: 2450 Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Type: text/html <html>…</html> HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 23 Apr 1998 10:10:56 GMT Server: Apache/1.2.1 Last-Modified: Mon, 25 Nov 1996 17:29:04 GMT ETag: "5a09a-68b-3299d760" Content-Length: 1675 Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Type: image/jpeg JFIF··4Photoshop 3.08BIMí¶áH¶áH8BIM8BIM' Isidro Vila Verde (jvv@fe.up.pt)

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