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A Multi-Sensor (MERIS - SeaWiFS - MODIS) Ocean Colour Satellite Matchup Analysis in the Mediterranean Sea (BOUSSOLE Project) David Antoine 1 , Fabrizio D'Ortenzio 1 , Stanford B Hooker 2 , Guislain Bécu 1,3 , Bernard Gentili 1 , Dominique Tailliez 1 , Alec J. Scott 1.
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A Multi-Sensor (MERIS - SeaWiFS - MODIS) Ocean Colour Satellite Matchup Analysis in the Mediterranean Sea (BOUSSOLE Project) David Antoine1, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio1, Stanford B Hooker2, Guislain Bécu1,3, Bernard Gentili1, Dominique Tailliez1, Alec J. Scott1 1: Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France 2: NASA / GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA 3: ACRI-st, Sophia Antipolis, France
A reminder about BOUSSOLE Motivation, objectives: establishing a long-term time series of optical properties (IOPs and AOPs), with two parallel objectives: - Scientific objective: IOPs et AOPs documentation and understanding (bio-optics research), short-time changes... - Operational objective: vicarious radiometric calibration of ocean color satellite observations, and validation of the Level-2 geophysical products derived from these observations (e.g., chlorophyll, reflectances...). Strategy: combination of 3 elements: - A Deep-sea mooring, for continuous collection of data at the surface - Monthly cruises for the buoy servicing and the collection of data complementary to the buoy data - An AERONET coastal station, to provide the necessary aerosol parameters
The BOUSSOLE site in the Ligurian Sea (northwestern Mediterranean)
Water at BOUSSOLE are permanently Case 1 waters Morel & Maritorena, 2001 Upper limit for Case 1 waters Buoy data
The range of bio-optical properties at BOUSSOLE is representative of global Case 1 waters Thick line : BOUSSOLE Thin line and thin dotted line : SeaWiFS global or Med Sea only Gray : NOMAD
Range of variability in optical properties: “A field look” -4 meters Chl ~ 3 mg m-3 (April 2006) -35 meters Chl ~ 0.05 mg m-3 (march 2006)
Range of variability in optical properties: “The satellite view” Feb March Apr May Jun Jul Sept Oct Nov Dec 2001 2002 2003 2004 SeaWiFS/SIMBIOS « diagnostic data sets »
The BOUSSOLE buoy “transparent-to-swell” taut mooring
Buoy data are in agreement with more “classical data”, i.e., profiling radiometer’s data Slope is 1 r2 is 0.98 Bias is 8 10-4
Status of deployments - 3 ½ years of deployment, with a quasi permanent data collection - Bi-monthly servicing since July of 2007 - One system lost in Feb 2007 (likely a ship collision) – immediately replaced by the companion system only 2 weeks of interruption - Next rotation is scheduled Sept 2007 - Evolution towards hyper-spectral measurements will start in fall of 2007. Nominal set of data is however preserved for continuity
Matchup procedures Essentially follows: Bailey S.W., and P.J. Werdell, 2006: A multi-sensor approach for the on-orbit validation of ocean color satellite data products. Remote Sens. Environ., 102, 12-23. - MERIS: level-2 RR, last reprocessing - SeaWiFS: level-2 Merged Local Area Coverage (MLAC; until Dec. 2004) or Global Area Coverage (GAC; 2005-2006) data from reprocessing 5 (completed March 18, 2005) - MODIS-A: level-2 GAC data from reprocessing 1 (completed in February 2005) - 5x5 pixel box - Flags: glint, clouds, haze, qs<70°, qv<60°, clear sky - Spatial homogeneity is checked
3-year time series of rw MERIS SeaWiFS MODIS-A Field data (10am – 2pm, clear sky)
MERIS SeaWiFS MODIS Full matchup set, using data from Sept 2003 to Sept 2006 Band per band
Kd(490) time series MERIS SeaWiFS MODIS-A Field data
Chlorophyll time series MERIS SeaWiFS MODIS-A Field data
Conclusions - The requirements in terms of accuracy of the atmospheric correction are only met at 443 and 490 nm by the SeaWiFS and MODIS-A products. - The MERIS products never meet the requirements. - The water-leaving radiance reflectances provided by the three sensors at 412 nm are severely affected by atmospheric correction errors. - The uncertainty is significantly reduced for the “blue-to-green” reflectance ratio. - These results and the matchup statistics are in agreement with the results obtained by two other similar efforts carried out at a coastal site [Zibordi et al., 2006] and globally [Bailey and Werdell, 2006]. Questions: - Atmospheric corrections are still an issue. Are they however considered as the unique source of these uncertainties? - Should we move to a vicarious calibration of MERIS?
BOUSSOLE web site and data base http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/Boussole