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Marine Environment

Marine Environment. Organisms Distribution Environment. Life in the Ocean. Plankton: floaters Nekton: swimmers Benthos: bottom dwellers. Plants vs. animals. Phytoplankton Carry on photosynthesis Diatoms, coccolithophores, dinoflagellates Zooplankton Consumers

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Marine Environment

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  1. Marine Environment Organisms Distribution Environment

  2. Life in the Ocean • Plankton: floaters • Nekton: swimmers • Benthos: bottom dwellers

  3. Plants vs. animals • Phytoplankton • Carry on photosynthesis • Diatoms, coccolithophores, dinoflagellates • Zooplankton • Consumers • Radiolarians, forams, others

  4. PHYTOPLANKTON

  5. ZOOPLANKTON

  6. Time as a planktonic organism • Meroplankton • Part of life as a plankton; rest as nekton or benthos • Holoplankton • All of life as plankton

  7. Nekton • Many varieties • Consider commercial fisheries

  8. Benthos • Rocky shores • Tide pools • Sand and mud • Deep sea • Coral reefs Just a few examples

  9. Where benthic organisms live • Epifuana • Live on top of sediments • Infauna • Live within sediments • Nektobenthos • Walk or swim along bottom

  10. Epifauna

  11. Infauna (a, b, c, e)

  12. Why these patterns? Land 86% Sea 14% Benthic 98% Pelagic 2% DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE

  13. Environments • Pelagic……the water • Neritic – over continental shelf • Oceanic • Epipelagic: down to 200 m • Mesopelagic: 200-1000 m • Bathypelagic: 1000-4000 m • Benthic…..the bottom

  14. Neritic 200 m

  15. Oceanic Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic 200 m 1000 m 4000 m

  16. Light zones in ocean • Photic • Light for photosynthesis • Usually 0-100 m • Aphotic • Without light • Deeper than 1000 m

  17. Benthic Environment • Similar zones as pelagic • Omit details and new names

  18. Making a living in the ocean • Primary productivity, respiration, decomposition • Depth zone differences

  19. Oxygen with depth (red) Nutrients with depth ( green) Relate pattern to photosynthesis, respiration, decay and other processes

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