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Table of Contents – Part B

Table of Contents – Part B. HINARI Resources Clinical Evidence Cochrane Library EBM Guidelines BMJ Practice HINARI EBM Journals.

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Table of Contents – Part B

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  1. Table of Contents – Part B • HINARI Resources • Clinical Evidence • Cochrane Library • EBM Guidelines • BMJ Practice • HINARI EBM Journals

  2. If you are interested in learning more about EBM, go to the online tutorial Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine from the Health Sciences Library, University of North Carolina (USA): http://www.hsl.unc.edu/Services/Tutorials/ebm/welcome.htm

  3. To access the HINARI Evidence-based Medicine resources, we must Login to the HINARI website using the URL http://www.who.int/hinari/

  4. Logging into HINARI 2 We will need to enter our HINARI User Name and Password in theappropriate boxes, then click on the Login button. Note: If you do not properly sign on, you will not have access to Evidence-based Medicine resources that are located in the Reference Sources drop down menu.

  5. From the HINARI Reference Sources A-Z list, we also can find tutorials for learning more about EBM. In this example, we will link to BMJ Learning.

  6. From the BMJ Learning’s Browse our modules listing, we have clicked on Clinical Epidemiology and located four EBM-related tutorials.

  7. From the Reference Sources A-Z list, there are four valuable EBM- related sites. First, we will click on the Clinical Evidence link, a resource for informing treatment decisions and improving patient care. It is published by the BMJ Publishing group.

  8. In the Clinical Evidence site, you can search by Sections, Full review list or (keyword) Search this site. Also note that there is a Clinical Evidence Userguide in multiple languages and links to the Latest updated reviews.

  9. Using the Search this site option, we have completed a keyword search fortuberculosis andidentified 73 documents. The links include clinical evidence Guidelines, Keypoints, Interventions and Updates about this topic.

  10. We have further limited this search by combining tuberculosis and HIV. This has resulted in 56 documents. We will click on the link to Tuberculosis in people with HIV.

  11. The initial page of HIV: treating tuberculosis initially displays Interventions based on clinical questions. Note that also you have access to Key points, About this condition, Updates, Guidelines and References. We will click on the Guidelines hyperlink.

  12. The Guidelines page contains the title, name of organization and hyperlink to 10 documents from key health agencies. The guidelines have been sourced from the National Guidelines Clearinghouse (USA).

  13. We have clicked on the Full review list option and displayed the topics under the A alphabetical list. This A-Z subject access contains an extensive list of topics and clinical evidence material.

  14. From the Reference Sources A-Z list, we now will click on the Cochrane Library link. The Cochrane Library contains high-quality, independent evidence including reliable evidence from Cochrane and other systematic reviews and clinical trials. It is published by John Wiley. Note the full-text reviews are available to Band 1 only while Abstracts can be accessed by all users.

  15. The Cochrane Library COCHRANE LIBRARY : The Cochrane Collaboration. Oxford: Update Software; 1996-. Updated quarterly. • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) • High-quality pre-evaluated systematic reviews from all over the world • International, not-for-profit organization • Complete reviews and protocols (reviews that are still in progress) • CDSR abstracts are in Medline but there is no link to full-text of the review Note: As of April 2013, the Cochrane Libraries is available to all Group A & Group B institutions.

  16. The initial page of this site has a title, abstract or keyword option Search engine. You also can Browse Cochrane Database by broad subject heading . The initial page also highlights New and Updated Cochrane Reviews. We will go to the Advanced Search. Also from the initial page, there is a link to the Cochrane Journal Club.

  17. We have opened the Advanced Search optionwhere you can specify search fields and have the ability to combine terms using AND/OR/NOT operators. In this text Advanced Search, we have combined diarrhea child* using the Search All Text option with the wildcard (*) used to locate the terms child and children. Note that you also can complete a MeSH Search, look at your Search History or Saved Searches.

  18. The Advanced Search results for diarrhea child* has retrieved 451 records from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. You have the option to Export All Results (save). Note: if the results of your search are too many, you can narrow it by limiting the keyword search to Title instead of Search All Text.

  19. The screen displays the Abstract of the first systematic review listed in the search - Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. To access the full-text review, click on the Full PDF hypertext link in the left column. Other options are Summary and Standard. Also note the hypertext links to specific sections of the systematic review.

  20. We have displayed the Abstract of the systematic review that includes the Background, Objectives, Search strategy, Selection criteria, Data collection and analysis and Main Results.

  21. The final section of the Abstract is titled Plain language summary. This section is useful for disseminating the results to groups of health workers and patients. Also note the Main results and author’s conclusions (the ‘bottom line’) as these sections discuss the review’s results and how they should be used.

  22. We have displayed the PDF Full version of the Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children systematic review. Other options include Summary and Standard files. Note: The url that contains http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecom... shows that we have logged in to HINARI properly and will have access to the full-text version of this review.

  23. From the Advanced Search page of the Cochrane Library, we have clicked on the Cochrane Reviews: By Topic hyperlink. This has displayed the Topics for Cochrane Reviews. From this extensive list,you have another option for locating subject- specific material. Note that there are other search lists including an A-Z list, Updated Reviews and New Reviews.

  24. For more training material, you can click on The Cochrane Library Help hyperlink.We have opened the Search Manual. Another option is a listing of Web Updates.

  25. For non-HINARI institutions, there is access to the Cochrane Summaries (cochrane.org, click on the Cochrane Summaries – summaries.cochrance.org

  26. We now access the third Reference Sources option for evidence-based health information - EBM Guidelines.

  27. From the Reference Sources list, we have opened the initial page of EBM Guidelines Evidence-Based Medicine. Also published by John Wiley, this resource is a collection of clinical guidelines for primary care combined with evidence-based research. You can Search by keyword or Browse database contents by EBM Guidelines, Evidence summaries, Pictures, Audio samples, Videos and Programs.

  28. We have completed a keyword search forInfluenza. The results page includes summaries of the keyissues including Related resources and References andlinks to important websites. Also included are links to the Evidence summaries.

  29. We have displayed the first Evidence summary. Each link contains a brief review of the study and notes the reference(s).

  30. We now access the fourth Reference Sources option for evidence-based health information – BMJ’s BestPractice – a combination of research evidence, guidelines and expert opinion.

  31. We have completed a keyword search fordiabetes. Note the drop down menu with the broad category results of the search.

  32. The results for thediabetes search are displayed in broad subject categories. Note that each category contains full-text documents on the Highlights, Basics, Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, Followup and Resources.

  33. From the Reference Sources list, we have opened the initial page of Essential Evidence Plus. Also published by John Wiley, it includes access to Cochrane Library and also a series of databases and tools to access the EBM material. By keyword, you can Search all or some of the databases.

  34. We have opened the EBMG evidence summaries database that, via broad subject categories, has access to 4312 articles.

  35. We have opened the initial page of EBMG evidence summaries listing for Infectious disease.Material is listed by either a summary view or expanded view that includes a sentence describing each entry.

  36. We have opened the (Patient-Oriented Evidence that Matters listing) POEMs research summaries database that, has 4500+ articles and is organized by Date or Category. From the Reference Sources list, we have opened the initial page of EBM Guidelines Evidence-Based Medicine. Also published by John Wiley, this resource is a collection of clinical guidelines for primary care combined with evidence-based research. You can Search by keyword or Browse database contents by EBM Guidelines, Evidence summaries, Pictures, Audio samples, Videos and Programs.

  37. HINARI Evidence-Based Journals(other journals may have EBM articles) We have browsed the ‘E’in the HINARI Find journals by title list and it notes several journals for evidence-based practice.

  38. Table of Contents – Part C • Other (Internet) Resources: • HINARI/PubMed’s Clinical Queries (Clinical Study Categories & Systematic Reviews citations) and ‘Type of Article’ Limits (Meta-Analysis, Randomized Control Trial & Clinical Practice) • Clinical Practice Guidelines • BestBETS • PubMed Health – clinical effective research • Trip Database • Evidence Updates - BMJ and McMaster University • Knowledge Translation Learning Modules – Canadian Institutes of Health Research • Essential Health Links gateway – annotated links • Summary

  39. For Non-HINARI version • PubMed – would go directly to the database and not via HINARI and some of the text would be changed. • Cochrane Libraries – summaries is the access point.

  40. We now search for evidence-based articles using PubMed. From the main HINARI webpage, go to PubMed by clicking on Search inside HINARI full-text using PubMed. Remember you must login to HINARI to have access to the full-text articles.

  41. Open the Clinical Queries box. This search tool assigns filters to keyword searches - to locate articles on Clinical Studies, Systematic Reviews and Medical Genetics. Note: for these PubMed applications, all individuals will have access to the free full text articles. The examples are from HINARI/PubMed searches and, for those properly logged in, will also include access to articles from HINARI participating publishers.

  42. On the PubMed Clinical Queries page, we have entered the type 2 diabetes AND developing countries search.

  43. The default search results for the Clinical Study Categories are Category: Therapy and Scope: Broad. Other options in the Category drop down menu are Etiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Clinical Prediction Guides. There are 142 articles for Therapy: Broad and 20 articles for Systematic Reviews. Note: you can go directly to PubMed Clinical Queries. The direct link to PubMed Clinical Queries is http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clinical

  44. For the Scope option, we will enter Narrow and for the same type 2 diabetes AND developing countries search.

  45. The Therapy (Category) and Narrow (Scope) type 2 diabetes AND developing countries search has resulted in 11 citations. We now will click on the See all option (bottom of the page). Note that the results for Systematic Reviews and Medical Genetics also are displayed.

  46. We have displayed all 11 articles for this search including 7 HINARI and 8 Free Full Text articles. Remember - you can access the full-text articles by clicking on these Filters or changing the display from Summary to Abstract. Note that the specific search is listed in the Search box including the AND (Therapy/Narrow[filter]) for clinical studies categories and systematic reviews.

  47. After returning to the search results on the Clinical Queries page, we have clicked on the See all option for the systematic reviews results.The type 2 diabetes AND developing countries AND systematic [sb] search resulted in 20 articles.

  48. If you have a MY NCBI account, you can add Meta-analysis, Randomized Control Trials and Systematic Reviews to your Filters. Go to Manage Filters, click on Properties option and put each term in the Search with terms box. When you save a PubMed search, you will be sent an email listing new articles on the specific topic with these filters. Remember that you will need to go to HINARI to get the full-text articles. In this example, Free Full Text, HINARI, Meta-analysis and Systematic Reviews are listed in Filters.

  49. Another tools from PubMed is using the Filters option – see left-column. We have checked the Meta-Analysis box in the Article Types section and entered hypertensionin the PubMed Search box. The search Results number is 1239. Note the Filters activated: Meta-Analysis linebelow the Results number. Filters can be activated from any search results page. Remember to clear them before beginning other searches.

  50. Now displayed are the results of a hypertension search with the Systematic Reviews Article Type filter activated. The citations for this searchinclude 1158 Free Full text and 2368 HINARI articles.

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