無線射頻識別 論文報告

1. 無線射頻識別論文報告 Reported by: 廖翊婷

2. An RFID-based System for Emergency Health Care Services Cristina TURCU, Cornel TURCU, Valentin POPA

3. Outline • Introduction • RFID in healthcare • SIMOPAC RFID-based system • System architecture • Security requirements • Benefits • Future works • Conclusions

4. Introduction • In 2000, the U.S National Institute of Medicine issued an important report entitled “To Err Is Human, Building a Safer Health System”. • This paper considers that detailed health information is crucial for the emergency physician summoned to take the right medical decisions. • The patient’s personal health record may help prevent costly adverse drug events and reduce medical errors.

5. RFID in healthcare • Improving overall safety and operational efficiency because it operates without line-of-sight while providing read/write capabilities. • Hospitals can implement RFID systems to eliminate manual entry of patient information, and prescription and drug administration data. • This paper proposes an RFID-based system called SIMOPAC.

6. SIMOPAC RFID-based system • This paper proposes that the vital information of the patient should be stored in a passive RFID tag, named Personal electronic record Identity Card (PIC). • Card will store some vital information: • full name • gender • date of birth • ISO code of the state • phone number • social insurance number or personal identification code • medical information

7. SIMOPAC RFID-based system(cont.) • Standards are needed to support an international health information infrastructure, especially for emergency healthcare. (like HL7) • In such healthcare environments, the privacy and security of the transmitted information must be preserved. • This paper proposes to use agents that will authenticate and authorize patients to healthcare services without providing the patient’s identification.

8. System architecture • In emergency situation ubiquitous computing technologies such as wireless communication, sensors and automated data capture might contribute to information communication in a variety of ways. • the team proposes to structure the integrated system on three distinct levels: • county level • local level • data collection level

9. System architecture(cont.) • The project proposes the use of passive tags, with low costs. In the memory of the RFID tag all the vital information on each patient can be stored. • All readings and writings will be performed only by authorised staff, with different levels of security implemented in data acquisition and writing system. • They propose to assign a unique identity code to hospitals, clinics and other healthcare providers.

10. Security requirements • Here are some security requirements identified for the proposed system: • the users who can enter the eHealth system shall be registered • the users who perform changes in the eHealth records shall be registered • the authentication process must be repeated for any different role of a user within the same organization • the password file must be encrypted • passwords can be easily changed

11. Security requirements(cont.) • emergency access to selected authorized users may be granted • time limitations for users’ access may be introduced the information about databases readings, changes, corrections and deletion of personal health data must be memorized. • All fields on forms require validation

12. Benefits The benefits the proposed RFID-based system can bring to health care domain are: • Positive patient identification • Improved access to patient information • Accurate information on display

13. Future works • RFID – sensors conjunction utilization in order to enhance the medical field. • Explore the validity and tractability of the presented architecture and adapt it consequently. • Develop and implement a software prototype that will effectively handle complex eHealth operations. • Present a proposal to the Health Ministry for consideration and adoption.

14. Conclusions • The current widespread deployment of cell phones, laptops, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and various forms of sensing devices based on digital and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies penetrate healthcare environment. • Using this system emergency physicians could scan patient card to quickly check their blood type and find out if they are taking any medications or have allergies or other sever medical conditions.

15. RFID and NFC in Healthcare: Safety of Hospitals Medication Care Antti Lahtela, Marko Hassinen, Virpi Jylh¨a

16. Outline • Introduction • RFID and healthcare • NFC and healthcare • RFID vs. NFC • Case KUH (Kuopio university hospital) • Conclusion

17. Introduction • Seven types of errors : 1. incorrect dose of medication 2. wrong time of administration of medication 3. too fast IV rate 4. wrong concentration or dosage of medication delivered 5. wrong route of administration 6. wrong medication administered 7. wrong medications delivered due to misidentifying a patient

18. RFID and healthcare • A tag, placed on a wristband when patient arrives to the hospital, can be used to store information about the person (name, blood type, allergies, medication etc.). • At the hospitals emergency department, after the decision, each patient was given an active RFID tag to wear. • Tags are placed onto the patient and onto the medication.

19. RFID and healthcare The safe medication care is based on five ”rights”: • right medication • right patient • right dosage • right way of taking medication • right time

20. RFID and healthcare

21. NFC and healthcare • NFC (Near Field Communication) is an RFID based technology that enables short-range wireless information exchange. The communication range is typically 0-20 centimeters facilitating touch-to-launch applications. • The frequency NFC operates in is standardised 13.56 MHz • Reasonably priced, compact NFC devices. Several mobile phones on the market contain NFC readers.

22. RFID vs. NFC RFID: • Identification tasks where things move fast • Quantities are high • Reading range long NFC: • Making eavesdropping much harder • NFC is also available in mobile phones where the reader is placed in to the phone’s shell

23. Case KUH

24. Case KUH • medication container? • medication will be put into a plastic bag. • How tags could be collected from bags afterwards for reuse? • Reuse or not?

25. Conclusion • One of the main challenges for the project is to investigate how the automatic medication dispenser could be integrated with the automated identification technologies. • The system has to be easy to use and highly dependable so that the nursing staff and the pharmacists won’t make errors in the medication care.