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Leeds Business School Postgraduate Research Methods

2. Phase 2: Seminar 1 Pre-reading (All Routes). Required (Directed)Saunders (2003: Chapter 4

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Leeds Business School Postgraduate Research Methods

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    1. 1 Leeds Business School Postgraduate Research Methods

    2. 2 Phase 2: Seminar 1 Pre-reading (All Routes) Required (Directed) Saunders (2003: Chapter 4 & Case 4) Hair et al, ch.2, 6. Walliman ch.5

    3. 3 Phase 2: Seminar 1 Teaching and Learning Outcomes At the end of this session you will understand: Differing Research Philosophies and Perspectives Differing Approaches to Research Differing Research Strategies The importance of Time Ways of measuring and evaluating the credibility of research Ways of measuring and evaluating the value of research

    4. 4 Previously…we looked at turning Research ideas into Research Projects

    5. And we considered..The literature review process

    7. 7 4.1 Differing approaches to research

    8. 8

    9. 9 Research philosophy or Epistemology

    10. 10 Positivism

    11. 11 Positivism (a.k.a ‘Logical Positivism’ and Objectivism)

    12. 12 Positivism or Objectivism

    13. 13 Interpretivism and Phenomenology

    14. 14 Interpretivism (e.g. Phenomenology) emphasises -

    15. 15 Interpretivism could be used to study -

    16. 16 Objectivist (Positivism) v. Interpretivism?

    17. 17 Objectivist (Positivism) v. Interpretivism?

    18. 18 Objectivist (Positivism) v. Interpretivism?

    19. The Positivist (Objectivist) and Phenomenological (Intrepretivist) Paradigms

    20. 20

    21. 21 Choosing a Research Approach

    22. 22

    23. 23

    24. 24

    26. 26 A hypothesis states that there is a relationship between two concepts and specifies the direction of that relationship.

    27. 27 Key terms explained

    28. 28 Variables

    29. 29 Variables

    30. 30 variables

    31. 31 A scattergram shows an association between age of respondent and gross annual income (Job Survey Data)

    32. 32 Examples of hypothesis in Business Research

    33. 33 Examples of hypothesis in Business Research

    34. 34 How to develop hypotheses

    35. 35 How to develop hypotheses

    36. Converting RQ’s into hypothesese 36

    37. 37 Deduction: testing theory

    38. 38 Deduction: testing theory

    39. 39 Deduction: testing theory

    40. 40 Deduction: testing theory

    41. 41 Deduction: testing theory

    42. 42 Deduction: testing theory

    43. 43 Deduction: testing theory

    44. 44 Deduction: testing theory

    45. 45 Deduction: testing theory

    46. 46 Deduction: testing theory

    47. 47 Induction: building theory

    48. 48 Induction: building theory

    49. 49 Induction: building theory

    50. 50 Knowing your approach

    51. 51 Knowing your approach

    52. 52 Combining approaches

    53. 53 Combining approaches: the constraints

    54. 54 Combining approaches: the constraints

    55. 55

    56. 56

    57. 57

    58. 58 The different research strategies (Designs in Bryman)

    59. 59 Experiment

    60. 60 The experimental design

    61. 61

    62. 62 Survey defined -

    63. 63 The British empirical tradition:

    64. 64 The British empirical tradition:

    65. 65 Some sites to browse…..

    68. 68

    69. 69 Surveys

    70. 70 Research questions appropriate for a survey

    71. 71

    72. 72 Main advantages of survey

    73. 73 The more structured the techniques...

    74. 74

    75. 75

    76. 76

    77. 77 Case study

    78. 78

    79. 79

    80. 80

    81. 81

    82. 82 Cross-sectional Studies Collect data at only one time point.

    83. 83 Longitudinal Studies Collects data at a number of time points.

    84. 84 Exploratory, descriptive and explanatory studies

    85. 85 Exploratory studies

    86. 86 Exploratory studies

    87. 87 Descriptive studies

    88. 88 Explanatory studies

    89. 89 4.3 Multi-method approaches

    90. 90 4.3 Multi-method approaches

    91. 91 4.4 The credibility of research findings

    92. 92

    93. 93

    94. 94 Threats to validity

    95. 95 Threats to Validity: History

    96. 96 Threats to Validity: Testing

    97. 97 Threats to Validity: Instrumentation

    98. 98 Threats to Validity: Mortality

    99. 99 Threats to Validity: Ambiguity about causal direction

    100. 100 Generalisability

    101. 101 Logic leaps and false assumptions

    102. 102 Logic leaps and false assumptions

    103. 103 Logic leaps and false assumptions

    104. 104 Logic leaps and false assumptions

    105. 105 Logic leaps and false assumptions

    106. 106 4.5 The ethics of research design

    107. 107

    108. 108

    109. 109 Research Strategies & Methodology Strategic Choices Working in Groups Explain strengths and weaknesses of the following classifications When should they be used? Experiment Survey Case Study Grounded Theory Ethnography Action Research Other Research Strategies?

    110. 110 Case 4 Saunders Which type(s) of research strategy is Mick employing? In what other ways could Mick have used the literature to refine his research questions? In what other ways might Mick have achieved his research aim? What are the benefits of using multiple methods of data collection? What threats to validity are inherent in the research design, and how ay these be overcome?

    111. 111 Phase 2: Seminar 2 Pre-reading (Qualitative Route) Required (Directed) Saunders (2003: Chapter 6-10 & Case 9) Creswell (2003: Chapter 10) Recommended (Self-directed) Riley (2000: Part II) Burton (2000: Chapters 12-16) Ruane (2005: Chapters 9 & 10) McIntyre (2005: Chapters 9 & 10) Glaser & Strauss (1967) Yin (2003: Chapters 2-4) O’Reilly (2005: Chapters 2-7) Coghlan (2005)

    112. 112 Other epistemologies

    113. 113 4.6 Summary

    114. 114 Summary

    115. 115 Summary

    116. 116 Appendix

    117. 117

    118. 118 Bryman & Bell’s overview of Research Methodologies STRATEGIES Quantitative or Qualitative or Hybrid? DESIGNS Experimental Cross Sectional v.Longitudinal Case Study Comparative METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION Questionnaire Interviews Ethnographic and participant observation Documentation and website analysis Focus Groups

    119. 119

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