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Science Knowledge : Science 2: Life Processes and living things K2.2 Health and the Human body

Science Knowledge : Science 2: Life Processes and living things K2.2 Health and the Human body.

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Science Knowledge : Science 2: Life Processes and living things K2.2 Health and the Human body

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  1. Science Knowledge: Science 2: Life Processes and living things K2.2 Health and the Human body This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. Download K2.2_4.0b 'Children's ideas about health'. Authored by Keith Ross, University of Gloucestershire. accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created March 2006 Download K2.2_4.0b

  2. Health and the body Keith Ross Download K2.2_4.0b

  3. Learning Outcomes • To understand and appreciate some concepts related to being and keeping healthy • To understand how materials and energy enter and leave our bodies • To understand how all the parts of our body work together (systems and functions) • To appreciate what actions we should take to keep healthy Download K2.2_4.0b

  4. Multiple choice questions The questions in the slides that follow are taken from a set of over 100 available from www.escalate.ac.uk/1141 Percentages quoted in the slides are for a group of 100 trainee primary teachers on entry to ITE, having obtained a ‘C’ or better at GCSE, usually two or three years previously. This gives secondary trainees an insight into the misconceptions that survive a GCSE course, and all trainees some comfort that they are not alone with their own misconceptions about how genetics and evolution works. Download K2.2_4.0b

  5. Carbohydrate Every day we eat carbohydrate (in food) and digest it. It enters our blood and is sent round our bodies to use as a fuel for energy.   Click on any of the following which explains how the actual stuff of the carbohydrate (made of atoms) leaves our body, thus ensuring that we don't normally get heavier each day! • It comes out as faeces 62% • We breathe a lot of it out as carbondioxide   15% • It is used up and comes out as energy   82% • After use it is stored in our bodies.  25%  Download K2.2_4.0b

  6. Digestion, Breathing & Respiration Click on any of the following statements if they are largely true. • Respiration is gaseous exchange in lungs   70% • Respiration occurs in the cells of our bodies   45% • Breathing is a simpler term for respiration   56% • Breathing helps get oxygen to the lungs  76% • Digestion helps get nutrients into the blood   78% • Digestion is where food turns to energy  40% (% are for a survey of post GCSE students – see notes) Download K2.2_4.0b

  7. Muscles Which one of the following explains how your arm moves at the elbow? A muscle pulls my arm up and • my arm just falls down   1% • a different muscle pulls it down  67% • and the same one pushes it down   14% • a different muscle pushes it down  17% (% are for a survey of post GCSE students – see notes) Download K2.2_4.0b

  8. Tooth Decay Click on any 3 of the following that form a part of the scientific EXPLANATION of tooth decay • Bacteria feed on the exposed inside of the tooth  39% • Plaque rots the tooth  61% • Acids from bacteria break down enamel   82% • Sugar rots the tooth   43%  • Bacteria in plaque feeds on sugar   62%  (% are for a survey of post GCSE students – see notes) Download K2.2_4.0b

  9. Waste products Click on any of the following that shows the way your body removes the waste products produced by CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN YOUR CELLS. • It is excreted   37% • Faeces are removed via the anus   47% • Some material is lost in sweat  62% • The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood   58% • Blood is filtered by the kidney and waste is removed as urine  85% (% are for a survey of post GCSE students – see notes) Download K2.2_4.0b

  10. Being Healthy – MRS GREN How does our body work: Without Reproductionwe wouldn’t be here • Material intake and export – Nutrition, Growth (cell division and differentiation), Excretion • Energy transfer – Respiration, Movement, Senses • Transport within the body Download K2.2_4.0b

  11. Fate of material • What materials does our body take in? • How (and from where) do they leave the body (remember that atoms, like Lego blocks, cannot be destroyed)? • Remember that 90% of the food we absorb into the blood is for fuel and 10% is for growth Download K2.2_4.0b

  12. Energy for the body • What energy sources does our body use? (remember that food on its own does not contain energy – it is a fuel which needs to be joined with oxygen in order for energy to be transferred) • How does that energy leave the body? (remember that joules in = joules out, even though they come in useful and go out less useful. Think about movement & friction, storing energy by lifting, and waste heat energy) Download K2.2_4.0b

  13. Workshop activities Audit of materials entering and leaving the body ·  What are the main substances that we need to take into the body to keep healthy? ·  What happens to them inside the body? ·  How and in what form do they leave the body? Organ systems: ·  What are the seven functions of living things? ·  What are the organ systems associated with each function? Download K2.2_4.0b

  14. Workshop choice 1. Walking across the road and escaping the approaching car Movement and skeleton. Sensitivity and coordination 2. Providing energy for the brain & muscles to enable you to cross the road and escape the approaching car Respiration: Breathing & circulation. Nutrition& Excretion 3. You are walking across the road to meet the other parent of your future child Growth and reproduction Download K2.2_4.0b

  15. Summary: Keeping healthy (body) • Balanced diet – carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre, liquid • Restrict fat, sugar, salt, ensure enough fibre • Humans ‘programmed’ to excess of the above and to overeat (to combat ‘lean’ times of the year) • “Five a day” fruit and vegetables – vitamins minerals and antioxidants • Effect of additives (not all E-numbers are harmful!) http://curezone.com/foods/enumbers.asp Download K2.2_4.0b

  16. Summary: Keeping healthy (soul?) • Balanced exercise and activity patterns • Positive relationships – family, friends, work • Self esteem • Relationship with environment – learning ‘in, through and for’ • IQ (cognitive intelligence – thinking ability) • EQ (emotional - interpersonal skills) • SQ (spiritual - wisdom) • Poverty, wealth and malnutrition Download K2.2_4.0b

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