Creating Capacity for Change: Transforming Library Workflows & Organizations

1. Creating Capacity for Change: Transforming Library Workflows & Organizations Ruth Fischer and Rick Lugg R2 Consulting November 8, 2006 Charleston Library Conference

2. Our Focus • Library Workflow Analysis & Redesign • Organizational Redesign • Facilitation & Strategic Planning • Change Management • Integration of ILS and Vendor Systems • Training and Animated Tutorials • Product Analysis & Development for the Academic Library Market • Professional Seminars & Workshops

3. Libraries University of Colorado University of Missouri/Kansas City University of Utah University of Michigan University of Nebraska/Omaha MIT Libraries Skidmore College Library Minnesota State University/Mankato Arizona State University Libraries Carleton/St. Olaf Colleges (Bridge) Vassar College Libraries Macalester College University of Minnesota Colby College University of Texas/Dallas Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University Vendors Blackwell’s Casalini Libri CAVAL Collaborative Solutions Common Ground Publishing Eastern Book Ebook Library Follett Library Resources HARRASSOWITZ Innovative Interfaces Integrated Book Technology OCLC RR Bowker Sage Reference University of California Press Xrefer YBP Library Services RecentExperience

4. Why Workflow Redesign?

5. The Library Environment Prognostications Collection Development Acquisitions/Serials Cataloging/Discovery Vendor Systems & Services

6. From the LITA Blog • 2002 was the year of the blog • 2003 was the year of the RSS feed • 2004 was the year of the Wiki • 2005 was the year of the podcast • 2006 was the year of ?????

7. TS Big Heads (2006) • ERM Implementations • Future of Cataloging/Metadata • Casalini Enhanced Cataloging Trial • Link Resolver Implmentations • eBook pilot projects • Digitization • Workflow/Process Reviews • (Cornell, Texas, Mich) • “Hidden” Collections • Asian Languages

8. Top Tech Trends 2005 • Web 2.0/Library 2.0 • Storage • Blogs, Libraries and Citizen Journalists • E-Books • OPACs, FRBR, and Interface Design • Google Print, Scholar, and Metasearching • User Tagging, Automated Tagging • Digital Rights Management

9. Web 2.0/Library 2.0 “Web 2.0 is a philosophy that customers are in control.” --Dick Costolo, FeedBurner

10. Keys to the Future? • Quality learning spaces • Creating metadata • Virtual reference • Information literacy • Choosing resources & managing licenses • Collecting & digitizing archival materials • Managing a digital repository Source: Jerry D. Campbell, “Changing a Cultural Icon: The Academic Library as a Virtual Destination” Educause Review, (January/February 2006) 17-30.

11. TAIGA Forum 2006 Provocative Statement #5 “A large number of libraries will no longer have local OPACs. Instead, we will have entered a new age of data consolidation (either shared catalogs or catalogs that are integrated into discovery tools), both of our catalogs and our collections.”

12. TAIGA Forum 2006 Provocative Statement #11 “Simple aggregation of resources will not be enough. They have to be specialized for constituency use and projected into user environments (my.yahoo, e-portfolio, CMS, RSS aggregator, podcast). Workflow replaces database and website as the primary locus of attention. The library’s role is to project specialized services into research and learning workflows.”

13. OCLC adaptation of Liz Lyon

14. User Expectations

15. Changing Users • NetGen Students • Conditioned by: Amazon, Google, NetFlix • Undergraduates: course-centered research • Strong preference for electronic • Strong preference for full-text, multimedia • Interactivity, visual cues, tutorials • Abhorrence of documentation • Naivete about resource quality • 2% of library users begin search from library Web site

16. Changing Users • Retiring faculty • Peer-to-Peer file sharing, communication • FaceBook; iTunes • Gaming trial & error approach • Zero tolerance for delay • Group learning; collaboration • CPA • University of Rochester “work practices” study • Dorms, frats, gyms, student union, dining halls, buses, computer center, library

17. Library Disconnects? • Not enough multimedia content for online users • Require users to learn from experts how to access & use information and services • Assume that work progresses in a linear fashion • Library presence is mainly “outside” main online place for student activity • Libraries not using technology and standards like RSS to permit choice-driven alerts on new resources or services • Libraries typically do not provide tools, hardware or software, nor support for students to create new digital products Chuck Thomas and Robert H. McDonald, “Millennial Net Value(s): Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindset”,

18. Limitations of Listening to Users • Users have a limited frame of reference • Users focus on past and current experience • Users tend to offer incremental, rather than bold, suggestions • Users are less familiar with potential of future possibilities • Innovation is the responsibility of staff Anthony W. Ulwick, Harvard Business Review, January 2002

19. Collection Development

20. Collection Developments • RCL: Resources for College Libraries • WCA: WorldCat Collection Analysis • OCLC: 26 million items held by 10+ libraries • Coordinated selection of eBooks/pBooks • Increases in A-V, media collecting • “Hidden” Special Collections and Archives • Blogs and other kinetic content • Digital Libraries/Institutional Repositories • Print Journal Cancellations • UC: 93% redundancy in Gov Docs • An “expansive” view of collections • Mass digitization of historical print (Google, OCA)

21. Janus Conference/CCDO • RECON: Coordinate conversion of the scholarly record nationally & internationally • PROCON: Accelerate the transition to digital publishing—push publishers to act now • CORE: Collective definition by research libraries; collect same core; different advanced materials • Work collectively in negotiations with publishers • Archiving: divide responsibility for low-use print; take back responsibility from publishers for digital • Create and support alternative channels of scholarly communication

22. 75,000 New Ones Every Day!

23. ALA Techsource

24. Cornell’s D-Space

31. Acquisitions/Serials

32. Acquisitions/Serials • More subscriptions, fewer purchases • More cancellations of print serials • E-Selection and batch export from vendor databases • Role of the subscription agent • OCLC record number available in some vendor records • Extended consortial history at point of selection/order • Batch checking of orders against holdings • Ability to order eBooks from approval vendor systems • Emerging services from Asian and European vendors • New title alerts for faculty • Interfaces with University accounting

33. Acquisitions/Serials • New tasks: trials, negotiation, licensing of e-resources • Participation in consortial deals • Acquisitions/ILL convergence (borrow or buy?) • Increase in Media orders – difficult to source • Increase in East Asian ordering • Batch checking of orders against holdings • Enabling vendor systems as OpenURL Sources • New title alerts for faculty • Extended consortial history at point of selection/order • Group comparison/monitoring tools

34. Vendors Support Cooperative Purchasing

36. Cataloging/Discovery

37. Cataloging/Discovery • RDA (Resource Description & Access); FRBR • OPAC: Discover or locate? • Reduced emphasis on controlled vocabulary (UC System, Harvard, Calhoun report) • Increased need for non-MARC metadata (MODS, Dublin Core, VRA Core, EADS, DOI) • “Satellite” systems for e-resource access (ERMs, A-Z lists, link resolvers, proxy servers) • Expansion of outsourced cataloging from Western European vendors, A-V vendors • Re-envisioning user search (NCSU, Queens Library)

38. Cataloging/Discovery • RLG/OCLC merger • LC Series Authority controversy • Access Level records for Serials • Task Force on non-English Access (Sept 2006 report) • Cost of Authority Control • User-assigned subject tags • Union catalog as gateway • WorldCat as gateway • Google Book Search as gateway • Google Scholar as gateway • Metasearch/Federated search as gateway • Enhanced OPAC display; New Items lists; RSS feeds

39. FRBR Content Model

41. UC Bib Services Task Force “The current Library catalog is poorly designed for the tasks of finding, discovering, and selecting the growing set of resources available in our libraries. It is best at locating and obtaining a known item. […] We offer a fragmented set of systems to search for published information […], each with very different tools for identifying and obtaining materials. For users, these distinctions are arbitrary.”

42. Improved Search @ NC State

43. TLC’s AquaBrowser

44. Tag Clouds @ UPenn

47. New Items @ the Tri-Colleges