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GAS RE-INJECTION Total experience

GAS RE-INJECTION Total experience. Elisabeth PROUST. Total has been re-injecting gas for years Re-injection is part of long term asset management: Temporary storage before blow down Pressure maintenance EOR Ready for emerging gas value chains

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GAS RE-INJECTION Total experience

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  1. GAS RE-INJECTIONTotal experience Elisabeth PROUST

  2. Total has been re-injecting gas for years Re-injection is part of long term asset management: Temporary storage before blow down Pressure maintenance EOR Ready for emerging gas value chains No continuous flaring policy for new developments implemented in 2000 General – main principes 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 re-injection flaring A steady decreasing flaring trend is observed since late ’90s As from 2004, amount of re-injected gas is significantly higher than flared gas.

  3. Girassol was put on stream in 2001 under a scheme of secondary recovery by water injection Temporary gas re-injection (up to 8 Mm3/d) Block 17 500 m 1000 m 1400 m ORQUIDEA VIOLETA LIRIO ANTURIO TULIPA CRAVO ROSA PAZFLOR GIRASSOL JASMIM DALIA 1600 m GIRASSOLFirst Development of Block 17 in AngolaGas re-injection: first step of global gas management After 5-8 years of gas re-injection, the excess of gas cycling impacts adversely oil production

  4. GIRASSOLMonitoring of Gas Re-injection through 4D Seismic Red = 4D anomaly • 1 year after First Oil, a repeat 3DHR was acquired • It allowed to : • Monitor gas bubble expansion • Describe some heterogeneities • Predict GOR future development • Detect WOC rise • A second 4D was acquired 3 years after First Oil • Quantify and match gas and water sweep efficiency • Assess gain of external gas storage (versus waiting for Angola LNG) • Drill additional OP wells

  5. Block 17 – Gas External Storage: second step of global gas management ALNG Plant start-up Gas injectionin situ E8A11D - B17 Gas Import & Export Blocks 0 & 14 9 B17 Gas Import B17 Gas Export 8 7 6 LNG Plant 5 Gas Rate (MSm3/d) Angola 4 3 24" Block 15 2 1 0 Block 2 ’’ 24 -1 2003 2005 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2027 2029 16” -2 16” Girassol Stored Volume UM Pole Dalia Screening of potential storage candidates Main criteria: seal, homogeneous depletion, well integrity, 0.4 tcf storable Block 18 Block 2 fields Lombo-East & Tubarao identified as best candidates for external storage Multiple stakeholders (Block operators, Angola LNG) Investments of main pipes brought forward, new platform on Block 2

  6. Common Goal : ensure sustainable oil developments & address gas flaring concerns through a gas valorization scheme Strong Commitment & Alignment of all Stakeholders : partnership Sonangol - Oil companies Pooling of gas resources Legal & Commercial Framework suiting the project characteristics Strong partners to overcome commercial and technical challenges phase II 1-4 NAG fields phase III Gas Caps blowdown Phase I : LNG plant AG pipelines Bloc 0/14 Soyo 200 m Kizomba C NAG Kizomba A Kizomba B Block 2 GIRASSOL Greater Plutonio DALIA Angola LNG mindset: Third step of global gas managementfrom a gas flaring concern to a gas valorization scheme Arranging a stable gas supply of 1Bcfd

  7. Congo – N’Kossa fuel gas & valorisation injected gas ~ 80% of total gas operating flaring Gas injection for pressure maintenance • Liquid production increase: • Oil recovery (pressure maintenance) • C3/C4 recovery in gas before re-injection • No continuous flaring • The future: blowdown of the field Gas valorization stake for the host country • FID: December 1992 • First oil: June 1996 Gas injection @ 420 bars since first oil Cumulative gas injected: • 30 Gm3 (10 years) • 71 MTCO2eq

  8. using fatal gas without commercial outlet, thusavoiding flaring, or even commercial sales gas ABK (UAE) 1991, Handil (Indonesia) 1995, Alwyn (UK) 1999, Jusepin (Venezuela) 2000, Amenam (Nigeria) 2003 ... HC Gas EOR implies: Good geological model Specific design of surface facilities to handle recycled gas Specific material selection EOR must be taken into account in initial design (design provisions) => long term asset management Efficiency: If miscibility of gas & oil can be met in reservoir conditions (one phase): Excellent recovery factor (>50%) can be achieved Light oil (°API > 23, viscosity < 3 cp) Gas rich in intermediate components Reservoir high pressure and low temperature If miscibility cannot be met, good recovery factor may be achieved by simple sweeping and swelling of the oil, in addition to pressure maintenance. Hydrocarbon gas re-injection for EOR Total experience: many successfull EOR projects since ’90’s NKPP platform NKPP platform KPP platform KPP platform Gas Lift Platform Gas Lift Platform Production Platform Production Platform AK Center AK Center AKEast AKEast Living Quarters Living Quarters CO2 EOR: a way to capture and store CO2? (cf on-going studies on EKOFISK)

  9. Emerging gas value chains:an alternative to re-injection • Gas transportation: • CNG, mini-LNG, • gas hydrates • Gas conversion to products: • GTL, DME, MeOH,… • Gas to power: • generation and long distance transportation • A favourable context for an alternative to gas re-injection: • sustained high price of natural gas • deployment of emerging ‘energy transport’ technologies or producing new products… suitable for associated gas • It may soon be possible to bring value to once-flared gas… based on enablers, such as: • stakeholders alignment • contractual / fiscal frameworks • financing

  10. Developing new resources:acid and very acid gases • IOC are facing increasing technological challenges to access and develop new gas resources: • High CO2 content (> 30% Asia), high H2S content (Middle-East and Russia) • Specific management of H2S and CO2 takes a growing part in atmospheric emissions problematic • Total is a world leader in valorization of H2S - sulfur (Lacq since 1957) • Total is highly involved in H2S & CO2 re-injection issues Focus on long term integrity of storage reservoirs

  11. Venting Fuel Gas Flaring 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Beyond gas flaring reduction…A concern of GHG emissions • 2 main drivers: • Increase share of non conventional resources (arctic, heavy oils, tight gas, deep water) but also of mature fields lead to more energy consumption • Flaring reduction investments since late ’90’s • Fuel gas GHG emission will overcome flaring emissions as from 2010. • Total has launched programs of: • energy efficiency optimization • CO2 capture and storage

  12. Beyond gas flaring reduction: Total E&P involved in CO2 Capture and Storage – The Lacq pilot CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 TRANSPORT TRANSPORT CO2 STORAGE CO2 STORAGE CAPTURE CAPTURE AND INJECTION AND INJECTION • A Full Demonstration project : • 30 MW Oxy Boiler at Lacq plant • Transportation and injection of CO2 • First CO2 storage in an onshore • depleted reservoir in Europe • Start up end 2008 • Oxycombustion for CO2 capture : • Cost attractive and energy efficient solution • for CO2 capture on steam boilers • Reduce by 50% the direct and undirect • emissions associated to EHO hot production • Dedicated R&D program : • CO2 and acid gas injection • Storage and well integrity • Long tem fate of CO2 • Monitoring Oil Water HC gas CO2 or acid gas

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