Classification of Life…sooooo many organisms!

1. Classification of Life…sooooo many organisms!

2. Why Classify? • So we can understand other organisms better • So we know the needs of living things • So we can more easily identify new species

3. All life is first classified into three very large groups called Domains. Eukaryota Eubacteria Archeabacteria

4. The three domains are then broken down into smaller groups called Kingdoms. Kingdoms Eubacteria Archeabacteria Domain Archeabacteria Domain Eubacteria Domain Eubacteria Domains

5. The grouping of organisms into KINGDOMS is based on 3 factors: • 1. Cell Type • 2. Cell Number • 3. Feeding Type Notice these are three of the categories at the top of your chart.

6. Prokaryotes (NO nucleus) & Eukaryotes (DO carry a nucleus) 1. Cell Type- The presence or absence of a nucleus.

7. 2.Cell number- Whether the organisms exist as single cells or as many cells • Unicellular- single celled organism • Multicellular- many celled organism

8. Autotroph or Producer • Makes it’s own food 3. Feeding Type- How the organisms get their food • Heterotroph or Consumer • Must eat other organisms to survive

9. As we go through the PowerPoint Fill in the chart with the correct information about each of the 6 kingdoms. Remember for each kingdom your want to find: Cell Type – Prokaryotic OR Eukaryotic Cell Number – Single celled OR Multi celled Feeding Type – Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic How organisms in that kingdom are important to us

10. The 6 kingdoms are... Archaebacteria – bacteria that live in harsh conditions Eubacteria – bacteria that live in normal conditions Protista – organisms made of one eukaryotic cell Fungi – mushrooms and molds Plantae – all plants including trees, bushes, and flowers Animalia – all animals including insects

11. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Ancient bacteria - single celled - can be either heterotrophs that capture food OR autotrophs that make their own food through photosynthesis.

12. Kingdom Archaebacteria • - made of simple prokaryotic cells that do not have a nucleus.

13. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Ancient bacteria- • Live in very harsh environments • Thought to be the first living things on Earth.

14. Kingdom Eubacteria • It is the eubacteria that most people are talking about when they say bacteria, because they live in more normal conditions like the human body or pond water.

15. Kingdom Eubacteria • Eubacteria are single celled, prokaryotes so they are very simple organisms

16. Kingdom Eubacteria • Some bacteria are autotrophs and can photosynthesize like a plant. • Some bacteria are heterotrophs that catch their food

17. Kingdom Eubacteria • Eubacteria are the bacteria inside our bodies that allow us to digest food.

18. Odds & Ends Kingdom Kingdom Protista • Protista are mostly single celled organisms, like protozoa and primitive algae. • A few, like kelp and seaweed are multicellular.

19. Protists • There are made of eukaryotic cells and can be animal-like, fungus-like, and plant-like protists • Some are beneficial (clean water / kill bacteria) • Protists are found in lakes and ponds • Some protists can cause diseases in humans, such as malaria.

20. Protists Feeding Style • Protists can be autotrophs or heterotrophs

21. Kingdom Fungi • The Kingdom Fungi includes some of the most important organisms. • By breaking down dead organic material, they continue the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems.

22. Fungi Unicellular (yeast) Multicellular • All fungi are eukaryotic • They may be unicellular or multicellular • Found in wet areas

23. Fungi Penicillin • Fungi can be very helpful and delicious • Many antibacterial drugs are derived from fungi

24. Fungi • Fungi also causes a number of plant and animal diseases: • Athlete's Foot

25. Fungi • Ringworm

26. Fungi Feeding • All fungi are heterotrophs - decomposers • They absorb nutrients from dead organic matter

27. Kingdom Plantae • All plants are multicellular organisms. • They are made of Eukaryotic cells that have a cell wall. • They get food through photosynthesis so they are autotrophs.

28. Mosses

29. Liverworts & Hornworts

30. Ferns

31. Conifers (cone bearing) • Gymnosperms • Oldest vascular plants

32. Flowering plants • Angiosperms

33. All animals are multicellular • They are made of the more complex Eukaryotic cells. • All are heterotrophs that are capable of movement at some point in their lives to catch food. Kingdom Animalia

34. Some important animal groups (phyla) are the:

35. Porifera: sponges

36. Cnidarians: Jellyfish, corals, and other stingers. . . Their stinger is called a nematocyst

37. Nematocyst

38. Mollusks • Octopi, squid • Clams, oysters • Snails, slugs

39. Platyhelminthes (flat worms) • Tapeworms & flukes Human liver fluke

40. Annelids (segmented worms) • Worms & leeches

41. Echinoderms • Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

42. Arthropods • Shell fish, arachnids & BUGS!

43. Chordates • The Chordata is the animal phylum with which everyone is most familiar, since it includes humans and other vertebrates.

45. Now That you are familiar with how we classify organisms, Read pages 452 – 453 in your text book. First, label the three domains.