Serving Patrons with Developmental Disabilities (and the people that care and support them)

1. Serving Patrons with Developmental Disabilities (and the people that care and support them) Anne Dorsey Barrie Public Library, Adult Services Librarian Sambhavi Chandrashekar University of Toronto, PhD student February 01, 2007 All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

2. To reach a port we must sail, sometimes with the wind and sometimes against it. But we must not drift or lie at anchor. Oliver Wendell Holmes All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

3. Purpose of this session • Recognize people with developmental disabilities as growing integral portion of library users • Acknowledge the efforts of librarians to work with people with developmental disabilities • Develop some skills necessary to serve people with developmental disabilities All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

4. Definition of Developmental Disability • Cognition and perception problems • Communication • Behaviour • Motor functions • Chronic health problems • Multiple disabilities All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

5. Prevalence of Developmental Disability • 3.5% of adults with a disability • Rates are projected to increase • Most common disability for infants/toddlers • Affects 25 times more than blindness • May be primary, secondary disability and/or a cluster of disabilities • Covers 300+ reasons All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

6. Developmental Disability Terms • Mentally retarded • Mentally handicapped • Mentally disabled • Mentally disordered • Special needs • Cognitive disability • Intellectual disability All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

7. Best Term? • Single term may not be achievable or desirable • Take cue from the individual or their caregiver • Term used by supporting agencies • Always “person first” • She/he has a developmental disability • Words mirror attitude and perception All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

8. Sociopolitical/Historical Background • Prior to 1830s – Age of Restraint - Out of sight • 1830-50s - Asylums are built for mentally ill but soon fill up with DD people • 1876 – HRC in Orillia is the 1st exclusive institution; medical model prevails All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

9. The paradigm shift • 1950s-70s – group homes and support for families • 1970s-2000 – tri-ministry services, cost efficient community living • 2000 and beyond – supported independent living, person-centered, full community participation • The Autism boom All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

10. Legislation Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005 Human Rights Code – provincial & federal Ontarians with Disabilities Act Lobbying Community Living – local/province/federal Parent groups Lawyers & lawsuits Education system Because it’s the lawBecause we should All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

11. Access Confidentiality Democracy Diversity Education & life-long learning Preservation Public good Professionalism Service Social responsibility Core values of librarianship All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

12. The role of libraries • Person-centered approach to service • Access for all • Service to special populations • Library is reliable, unbiased, free source of information • Put mission statements, policies into practice • Educational agency within the community All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

13. The bigger picture • The person with a developmental disability • Parents • Schools • Associations • Health care providers • Residential homes • Service providers • Employers • Students (high school, DSW, ECE) All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

14. What is unique about the person with a developmental disability? • Life-span – age defiant • Don’t usually self-identify • Rely on others for support/advocacy • Limited opportunities – especially adults • Isolation • Communicationdifficulties • Social skills All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

15. What is needed/wanted? • To be welcomed • To be treated as an individual • Access to all community activities • To be included (vs. integration) • To feel safe • Opportunity to make own decisions • To pursue individual goals • Freedom to choose programs/services All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

16. What is needed/wanted? • Positive interactions with staff • Assistance in locating & retrieving materials • Reader’s Advisory – appropriate recommendations • Extra time and guidance • Age appropriate & ability appropriate All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

17. How can we meet the need? • Soul searching • Library documents specifically includes DD • Assign a staff member to monitor/guide • Focus groups, surveys etc. with individuals, caregivers, local agencies etc. • Fill the gap • Promote inclusion & empowerment in all areas of library service All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

18. Meeting the need • Investigate & research best practices • Service accommodations • Professional development • Partner, network, consult etc. • Move forward • Sphere of influence All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

19. Collection Development • Public libraries often 1st point of contact • Current & accurate information serves a wide audience • Consider special or hybrid collections • Work with agencies – swap and/or house • Every library should have a basic current collection with a broad range of resources • General works • Specific works – Autism, Down Syndrome etc. All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

20. Selection Questions • Is empathy promoted? • Is acceptance depicted? • Is success emphasized? • Are the images positive? • Will others gain understanding? • Is attitude “one of us” promoted? • Does language stress “people first”? All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

21. Consider these: • High interest/low vocabulary • CD and text kits • Well-illustrated materials • Music collections • Audio collections • Interactive software • Video-recordings All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

22. Evaluation of materials • Weeding policy • Evolution of DD philosophy – remember your user Bettleheim’s Empty Fortress • Seriously consider weeding anything earlier than mid-90s • Consult agencies re: weeding struggles • Valuable personal narratives All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

23. Publishers Watch Alert! • Greenwood www.greenwood.com • Woodbine House www.woodbinehouse.com • Inclusion Press www.inclusion.com Toronto! • Jessica Kingsley Publications www.jkp.com • Remedia Publications www.rempub.com • James Stanfield www.stanfield.com • Tactile Vision www.tactilevisioninc.com All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

24. Oh so brief suggestions! • High interest/low vocabulary – Sidestreets, Orca Soundings, Bayview High • Picture fiction books – well illustrated but lengthier text than pre-school picture books • Personal narratives and experiences • Rooster by Don Trembath; Different croaks for different folks by Midori Ochiai; Disabled fables • Reflections from a different journey: what adults with disabilities wish all parents knew by Stanley Klein • Periodicals – Exceptional Parent; Abilities All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

25. Professional/Collection Development Tools • The Accessible Canadian Library II • Improving Library Services to People with Disabilities (2007) • Voices from the margins • Planning for library service to people with disabilities • Special needs reading list • Information services for people with developmental disabilities • Preparing staff to serve persons with disabilities • Guidelines for Library Services for People with Mental Retardation All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

26. Sensitivity Training – Spinclusion, Kids Kit, Different Together Displays, book reviews, pathfinders Tap into familiar & knowledgeable staff Liaison with community groups and school Specific programs for DD and/or care circle Signage – large, concise and simple Volunteers Co-op students Community hours Easy Low Cost Solutions All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

27. Overview of technologies for patrons with developmental disabilities Adaptive Technologies (AT) – definition Needs assessment Helping them use AT AT options – Devices / Software Library collections Other services Inclusion as a process in libraries Resources for librarians All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

28. Adaptive (Assistive) Technology (AT) Definition of AT: “Any piece of equipment or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified or customized, that is used to increase, maintain or improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities” Assistive Technology Act, 1998

29. Needs assessment for patrons with DD Identification of patrons and their needs Selecting supportive learning technologies Support for multiple disabilities Access to appropriate information Support for caregivers Access to information for caregivers Need for training in use of technology

30. Helping use of AT by patrons with DD Understand the patron’s needs & abilities Use imagination in meeting needs with available technology Introduce a variety of technologies Demonstrate & facilitate use of technology Be patient; use brief verbal instructions Provide encouragement Build on their strengths

31. Adaptive Technology options - Devices Hand-held magnifiers Tape players Daisy players Audio amplification systems CCTV Alternative keyboards Alternative monitors Alternative mice

32. Adaptive Technology options - Software Windows accessibility features Scanning and reading - Kurzweill 3000 Text-to-speech - Dragon Naturally Speaking Screen magnification - Zoom text Screen reading - JAWS Reading support - Kurzweill 1000 Numeracy/math support - Intellimath Mind mapping - Inspiration Writing - Write Out Loud

33. Library Collections Audio book kits (tape + book) Large print books Captioned films and video Digital books Talking books Adaptive toys

34. Other services Providing materials in alternative formats Accessible & usable library website Online catalogue of materials & services Special programs for caregivers Special programs for patrons with DD Partnering with disability organizations

35. Creating a successful AT program Partnering with special needs educators Needs analysis, procurement & installation AT as part of “access for all” budget Integration of AT with library services Publicizing AT services availability Building linkages with other libraries Training and support for staff and users Maintenance of AT

36. Inclusion in libraries as a process Degree of access is a continuum Sustained commitment is essential Balance between accessibility and budget More possibilities always exist in future Sensitivity to the demography served Requirement at policy level

37. Resources for librarians ATRC - Adaptive Technology Resource Centre - http://www.atrc.utoronto.ca for consultation about AT SNOW - Special Needs Ontario Window - http://snow.utoronto.ca/ for special needs education resources

38. Speak directly & clearly to the person Offer to shake hands Identify yourself Listen-speak-listen Patience & respect Eye contact-eye level Show and tell – walk and talk – repeat Relax and take your time Ask for help if you are having difficulty understanding Thanks and follow-up Ten Commandments of Communication All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

39. Developmental disabilities, libraries and their future • 2004 study of accredited library schools – zero education related to disabilities!! • Step 1 – educate librarians & educators • # of people with disabilities will increase = pressure to accommodate • Services and resources must be barrier free in all respects • Networking, partnerships – buzz words must be action words All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse

40. Pull up the anchor & set sail! • Need sincere goodwill • Self-regulation – there is no legislation, policy or procedure that can enforce attitude • Lessons learned by all are invaluable • What we make doable for all makes it possible for those with DD • Don’t despair – just set out do something Let the shameful walls of exclusion finally come tumbling down George H.W. Bush 1990

41. Thank you for your time and attention Anne Dorsey adorsey@barrie.ca Sambhavi Chandrashekar sambhavi.chandrashekar@utoronto.ca All pencil drawings are presented with permission from the artist Martha Perkse