The Globalization of International Relations

1. The Globalization of International Relations CHAPTER ONE Dr. Clayton Thyne PS 235-001: World Politics Spring 2009 Goldstein & Pevehouse, International Relations, 8/e Student notes version

2. The Study of International Relations • International relations concerns… • Narrowly defined: • Many other actors exist – … • Relationships cannot be understood... • Central trend in IR today:

3. IR and Daily Life • IR profoundly affects your life as well as that of other citizens. • War is among the most pervasive international influences in daily life, even in peacetime. • World is shrinking year by year.

4. Core Principles • IR revolves around one key problem: • How can a group – such as two or more nations – serve its ________________ when doing so requires its members to forego their ________________ interests? • Example: • 3 solutions…the next 3 slides (see Table 1.1 on p. 6)

5. CA solution #1: Dominance • Solves the collective goods problem by… • Advantage(s): • Disadvantage(s): • Nuke example:

6. CA solution #2: Reciprocity • Solves the collective goods problem by… • Advantage(s): • Disadvantage(s): • Nuke example:

7. CA solution #3: Identity • Solves the collective goods problem by… • Advantage(s): • Disadvantage(s): • Nuke example:

8. IR as a Field of Study • IR is about international politics, but the field is _________________ • Practical discipline • IR is 1 of 4 subfields in political science. The others are… • _______________________ • _______________________ • _______________________ • General focus of IR:

9. State Actors • Most important actors in IR are __________________. • State: • State government exercises ___________________over its territory. • Recognized as ____________________ by other states • Seat of government with a leader • State definition versus: • Nation: • Country: • Nation-state: • Some “quasi-states”:

10. State Actors • International system • Def: • Modern international system has existed for less than _____________________ years. • Great variation on a number of key variables, including…[see next 6 slides].

11. The World Today: Major Powers State% of power FRN .022824 UKG .024668 GMY .029424 JPN .051258 RUS .052549 CHN .128823 USA .149792

12. The World Today: Concentration of Power

13. The World Today: Democracy

15. Figure 1.1

21. A Closer Look at the US

22. A Closer Look at the US

23. Nonstate Actors • Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) • Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) • Multinational corporations • Substate actors • Individuals

24. Levels of Analysis • Many actors involved in IR • Response:

26. Levels of Analysis • Levels of analysis help… • No correct level for a given “why” question • Example: War in Iraq • Individual: • Domestic: • Interstate: • Global:

27. Globalization • Many trends: • Globalization: Three conceptions of this process compete. • Liberal economic principles/global marketplace: • Skepticism: • Middle ground: • Globalization is changing both international security and IPE, but ________________ more quickly and profoundly.

28. The Evolving International System • The basic structures and principles of international relations are deeply rooted in historical developments. • WWI and WWII occupied only ten years of the 20th century, but shaped the character of the century. • We’ll briefly look at key events of the 20th century, focusing on the post Cold War era (1990+), including… • WWI (1914-18) • WWII (1939-45) • Cold War (1946-90)

29. WWI (1914-18) • WWI (the war to end all wars): • WWI was not short or decisive: • 2 main outcomes: • Ended w/ __________________________ 2. Led to the ____________________________________

30. WWII (1939-45) • U.S. ___________________ between WWI and WWII, declining _______________ power, and a _________________ crippled by its own revolution left a power vacuum in the world. • In the ____________, Germany and Japan stepped into the vacuum w/ aggressive expansionism. • Policies of _________________ allowed Hitler to occupy almost all of Europe

31. WWI & WWII: contradictory lessons • Lesson from WWI: • Lesson from WWII: • IR scholars have not discovered a simple formula for choosing______________________.

32. The Cold War, 1945-1990 • U.S. and Soviet Union – two superpowers of the post-WWII era: • Central concern of the West: • Sino-Soviet alliance: • Scholars do not agree on why the Cold War ended:

34. The Cold War, 1945-1990 • Key events: • Korean War • Vietnam War • Afghanistan War • Many other proxy wars…

35. The Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2007 • Many key events… • Iraq invades Kuwait, 1990  Gulf War • Collapse of Soviet Union  • Declaration of republics as sovereign states • Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) • Western relations with Russia mixed since the 1990s • Little external aid for Russia during the harsh economic transition • Break-up of the former Yugoslavia • Rwanda genocide • US “go it alone” policies • 9/11 attacks • War on Terrorism: Iraq and Afghanistan • Nuke problems w/ Iran and N. Korea