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EARLY COLONIAL MASSACRES 1539 – MABILA (4000-5000 Amerindians /Ais killed) 1565 – MATANZAS (500 AIs) 1610 – PASPAHEGH (

EARLY COLONIAL MASSACRES 1539 – MABILA (4000-5000 Amerindians /Ais killed) 1565 – MATANZAS (500 AIs) 1610 – PASPAHEGH (15-30 AIs) 1622 – JAMESTOWN MASSACRE (347 settlers) 1637 – MYSTIC (600 AIs) 1675 – KING PHILIPS WAR (over 600* colonists and 3,000 AIs). THE INDIAN QUESTION 1-2.

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EARLY COLONIAL MASSACRES 1539 – MABILA (4000-5000 Amerindians /Ais killed) 1565 – MATANZAS (500 AIs) 1610 – PASPAHEGH (

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  1. EARLY COLONIAL MASSACRES 1539 – MABILA (4000-5000 Amerindians /Ais killed) 1565 – MATANZAS (500 AIs) 1610 – PASPAHEGH (15-30 AIs) 1622 – JAMESTOWN MASSACRE (347 settlers) 1637 – MYSTIC (600 AIs) 1675 – KING PHILIPS WAR (over 600* colonists and 3,000 AIs)

  2. THE INDIAN QUESTION 1-2 • 1690 – French and Iroquois Destroy Schenectady New York • (60 Colonialists killed) • 1757 – Fort William Henry (70-180 British and colonial prisoners) • 1778 – Cherry Valley (New York) Massacre (30 settlers) • 1782 – Gnadenhutten Massacre of Christian Delewares by Pennsylvania Militia (100) • 1813 – River Raison (Detroit) Massacre (30-60 settlers) • 1818 – Chehaw Affair (1st Seminole War) non-hostile village (50) • 1832 – The Black Hawk (Old Northwest) War (850)

  3. THE INDIAN QUESTION 2-2 1838 - Killough (Texas) Massacre (18 settlers killed) 1862 – Santee Sioux Uprising (800 settlers killed) 1863 – Beat River (Preston Idaho) Massacre, (200) 1864 – Sand Creek (Colorado) Massacre (160) 1850-1860 – Indian Hunting in California (5000) 1870 – Marias (Montana) Massacre (200) 1871 - Tucson (Camp Grant) Massacre (118) 1890 – Wounded Knee (South Dakota) Massacre (300)

  4. TUCSON (CAMP GRANT) MASSACRE April 30, 1871

  5. SAND CREEK MASSACRE November 29, 1864

  6. INDIAN HUNTING IN CALIFORNIA 1850-1860 – 5000 Killed

  7. MURDER OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN SOLDIERS BY THE CONFEDERACY July 17, 1862 U.S. Congress - Militia Act authorizing citizenship for black soldiers 54th/56th Mass Regiments formed May 30, 1863 Confederate Congress’s Policy of Executing officers commanding black units June 7, 1863 Battle of Milliken’a Bend (Louisiana) Gen Richard Tylor CSA Aug. 12, 1863 Confederate Secretary of War letter to Lt. Gen. Kirby Smith (CSA) initiating the Trans-Mississippi command policy to kill all blacks captured in uniform. April 12, 1864 Fort Pillow Massacre ( Tennessee), (100+) Gen Nathon Bedford Forrest CSA April 18, 1864 Poison Springs Massacre (Arkansas), Gen Samuel Bell Maxey CSA April 17-20, 1864 Confederate Recapture of Plymouth, N.C. (40-50)   Gen R.F. Hoke CSA June 25, 1864 Battle of the Crater (Petersburg, Virginia)   Gen William Mahone CSA October 2, 1864 Battle of Saltville,Virginia (100+) Gen Felix Huston Robertson, CSA

  8. RACE RIOTS AGAINST AFRICAN-AMERICANS 1863 - New York Draft Riots (108 deaths / ½ dozen lynchings) 1866 - Memphis, TN (46 Killed) 1866 - New Orleans (34 Killed) 1898 - Wilmington, N. C. (30 Killed) 1906 - Atlanta, Ga. (12 Killed) 1908 - Springfield, Ill. (6 Killed) 1917 - East St. Louis, Ill. (100-200) Killed) 1919 - Chicago, Ill. 1919 - Chicago, Ill. (38 Killed) 1919 - “The Red Summer” 26 race riots (over 100 killed) in: Chicago, Illinois; Washington, D.C.; Elaine, Arkansas; Charleston, South Carolina; Knoxville and Nashville, Tennessee; and Longview, Texas; 1921 - Tulsa, Okla. (150-250) Killed) 1923 - Rosewood, Florida (8 Killed) 1943 - Detroit, Mich. (28 killed)

  9. The Ku Klux Klan 1866 - Founded in the town of Pulaski, Tennessee 1867 - A former Confederate General named Nathan Forest became the Grand Wizard, commander in chief of the KKK 1915 - The Birth of  a Nation 1925 – March on Washington – 40,000 (Over 1 million members) Lynching 1882 - 1968: 4,743 persons died of lynching, 3,446 of them black men and women. 1882 to 1901: 100 per year average.

  10. EPISODES OF INDUSTRIAL VIOLENCE 1-2: 1820s-1840s: canal workers in the northeast 1862-77: Molly Maguires, Pennsylvania (10) 1874: Tompkins Square Riot, New York City 1877: The Great Railroad Strike (100/30) 1885: Massacre of Chinese, Rock Springs (28) 1886: Haymarket, Chicago (67/11) 1892: Homestead, Pennsylvania; (10) Couer d'Alene, Idaho (unk) 1894: Pullman, Chicago (57 13) 1897: Lattimer, Pennsylvania (36/19) 1898: Virden, Illinois. (25/14) 1902: Scabherders massacre workers in Pana, Illinois. (22/14) 1902: Pennsylvania anthracite strike 1903: Troops were dispatched to Cripple Creek, Colorado to control rioting by striking coal miners. 1904: Dunnville, Colorado (4)

  11. EPISODES OF INDUSTRIAL VIOLENCE 2-2: 1912: IWW Strike. Lawrence, Massachusetts 1913: IWW Strike, Patterson, New Jersey 1913-14: Ludlow, Colorado (74)* 1916: Everett Massacre of IWWs in Washington (50/11)1917 / 1919: IWW organizers lynched: Frank Little in Butte, Montana and Wesley Everest shot in Centralia,Washington during attack by Legionnaires on IWW hall. (2) 1920: The Battle of Matewan, Virginia. Armed rebellion of 10,000 West Virginia coal miners (9) 1920: Wall Street bombing 1922: Herrin Illinois Massacre (36) 1932: Dearborn (Ford River Rouge Plant) Massacre (4) 1933: Pixley, California IWW Cotton Strike (4) 1934: International Longshoremans union strike in San Francisco (2) 1937: Memorial Day Massacre" at the Republic Steel plant in Chicago. (30/10)

  12. ANTI-IMMIGRATION VIOLENCE 1834 – Burning of Ursuline Convent (Charlestown, Mass) 1844 - Anti-Catholic Riots (Philadelphia) - 30/50 1850s- Nativist Riots in Midwest 1881 – Chinese Exclusion Act 1885 – Massacre of Chinese Miners (Rock Springs, Wyoming) - 28 1891 – Anti-Italian Riot in New Orleans - 11 1920s – Klu Klux Klan, Anti labor Violence (Ybor City)

  13. RECENT ANTI-IMMIGRATION VIOLENCE Summer 1976 - Hannigan family of ranchers kidnapped and torture 3 migrants. Later, an all-white jury acquitted the Hannigans. July 5, 2000 - 5 Mexican migrant workers came under a vicious attack by 8 or more neo-Nazi skinheads in the Carmel Valley of the City of San Diego, May 12, 2000 - two Arizona ranchers on horseback shot and critically wounded a undocumented Mexican worker attempting to cross the border near Sasabe, Arizona.  October 22, 2002 - Red Rock, Arizona, two men wearing camouflage fatigues opened fire on a group of twelve immigrants, killing two.   October 28, 2002 - 8 bodies found in a killing field west of Phoenix with hands tied behind their backs before being shot multiple times with a semiautomatic weapon.

  14. GEMEINSCHAFT IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY San Diego Hammerskin Nation World Church of the Creator Aryan Nations Fallbrook Tom Metzger / Founder- White Aryan Resistance Save Our State (Vanguard Neo Nazi members) Lemon Grove Alex Curtis / SDSU History Student Oceanside Skinhead Attack on Migrants

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