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Tools of the Biologist

Tools of the Biologist. GRADUATED CYLINDERS. TEST TUBES. TEST TUBE HOLDER. COVER SLIPS. MICROSCOPE SLIDES. BEAKERS. DISECTION TOOLS: SCALPELS FORCEPS SCISSORS. FUNNEL. PETRI DISH. PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE. PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE. Eyepiece : holds the ocular lens Objective lenses:

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Tools of the Biologist

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  1. Tools of the Biologist

  2. GRADUATED CYLINDERS TEST TUBES TEST TUBE HOLDER COVER SLIPS MICROSCOPE SLIDES BEAKERS DISECTION TOOLS: SCALPELS FORCEPS SCISSORS FUNNEL PETRI DISH

  3. PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE

  4. PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE • Eyepiece: holds the ocular lens • Objective lenses: • low power objective: magnifies 4X and 10X our school microscopes • high power objective: magnifies 40X • Stage: platform for the slide • Diaphragm: adjusts the amount of light • Illuminator: light source • Fine focus (fine adjustment knob): focus details on high power • Coarse focus (coarse adjustment knob): focus only on low power • Stage clips: holds the slides • Arm: supports and use this to carry the microscope

  5. COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

  6. DISSECTING MICROSCOPE

  7. PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE

  8. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

  9. CENTRIFUGE MICRODISSECTION TOOLS MICROTOME

  10. TISSUE CULTURES CELL STAINING GELL ELECTROPHORESIS CHROMATOGPAPHY

  11. VOCABULARY • RESOLUTION: the ability to see two close objects as being separate

  12. HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFIFCATION OF A COMPOUND MICROSCOPE • THE OCULAR LENS WILL ALWAYS BE 10X THE MAGNIFICATION • THE OBJECTIVE NUMBER WILL DEPEND ON WHICH POWER LENS YOU ARE USING (high power = 40X, medium power = 10X, or low power = 4X) Multiply the ocular lens magnification (10) times the objective lens magnification (40, 10, or 4)

  13. Complete page 6 in your Tools Packet for homework tonight!

  14. BIOLOGICAL MICROSCOPES

  15. BIOLOGICAL MICROSCOPES

  16. BIOLOGICAL MICROSCOPES

  17. BIOLOGICAL MICROSCOPES

  18. BIOLOGICAL MICROSCOPES

  19. Measurement • Length is measured in • Volume is measured in • Mass is measured in meters liters grams

  20. Metric Prefixes • Kilo = • Deci = • Centi = • Milli = • Micro = 1,000 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000001

  21. k kilo Use a “step diagram” to help x 1,000 hhecto x 100 d deca King Henry Died Unexpectedly Drinking Chocolate Milk x 10 basic unit x 1 ddeci x 0.1 c centi mmilli x 0.01 x 0.001 µ micro x 0.000001

  22. King Henry Died Unexpectedly Drinking Chocolate Milk There are three decimal places between mm and µm When you change from millimeters to micrometers, move the decimal place 3 spaces to the right 1 millimeter = 1,000 micrometers 1 mm = 1,000 µm When you change from micrometers to millimeters, move the decimal place 3 spaces to the left 1.0 micrometer = .001 mm (1/1000mm) 1 µm = .001 mm

  23. Metric Conversions • 1 cm = • 1 m = • 1 liter = • 10 g = • 1 mm = 0.01 m 0.001 km 1,000 ml 10,000 mg 1,000 µm

  24. Micrometry • Magnification = ocular magnification x objective magnification FOV = field of view = area seen under a particular magnification of a microscope LOW POWER = LARGE FOV – LESS DETAIL HIGH POWER = SMALL FOV – MORE DETAIL

  25. FOV = field of view x High power gives you a much smaller field of view - then magnifies it – giving you more detail Low power gives you a large field of view but not much detail x low power 10x X 4x = 40x less detail larger FOV high power 10x X 40x = 400x more detail smaller FOV

  26. To solve FOV / magnification problems, use the following equation: high power field diameter = low power magnification low power field diameter = high power magnification For example: When looking at a leaf cross section, your microscope is set at low power (4x objective) and the field of view is 20.0 µm. What will the field of view be when you switch to high power (40x objective)?

  27. For example:When looking at a leaf cross section, your microscope is set at low power (4x objective) and the field of view is 20.0 µm. What will the field of view be when you switch to high power (40x objective)? X = 2.0 µm high power field diameter = low power magnification low power field diameter = high power magnification What is high power field diameter? What is low power field diameter? What is low power magnification? What is high power magnification? this value is unknown = X Xµm = 40 20.0µm 400 this value is given = 20.0 µm 400X = 800.0 X = 2.0 µm 10x (ocular lens) X 4x (low power lens) =40 10x (ocular lens) X 40x (low power lens) = 400 What is the field diameter expressed as millimeters? 2.0 µm = ? mm 2.0 µm = 0.002mm

  28. Now we will work on the problems on pages 9 and 10 in your packet!

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