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Simple Circuits Explained

Explore how simple circuits facilitate the transfer of electrical energy. Learn about open and closed circuits, batteries, conductors, insulators, resistors, light bulbs, and the different types of circuits (series and parallel).

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Simple Circuits Explained

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  1. GLE 0607.12.1 Describe how simple circuits are associated with the transfer of electrical energy. Simple Circuits Explained

  2. Bill Nye Electricity (25mins) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywHcssUjXD0

  3. Electricity • Electricity is a type of energy made of the flow of electrons • Electrons are negatively charged particles of atoms

  4. Check for Understanding • What is electricity? • Of what is electricity made? • What part of an atom has a negative charge?

  5. Answers • Electricity is a type of energy • Made of moving electrons • Electrons are negatively charged

  6. Circuit • Open circuit is an incomplete path that does not allow electricity to flow through it • Closed circuit is a complete path that allows electricity to flow through it • Think about the switch in a circuit… • Switch is up- means it is open- electricity does not flow through it • Switch is down- means it is closed- electricity flows

  7. Check for Understanding • Which is open? Which is closed? Left Right

  8. Answers • Left was closed. Right was open or broken.

  9. Batteries • Chemical Potential Energy is stored inside the battery • It is transformed into electrical energy when it leaves the negative end of the battery

  10. Check for Understanding • What kind of energy is stored inside a battery? • What kind of energy transformation occurs when using batteries in a music player?

  11. Answers • Chemical Potential Energy is inside a battery. • Chemical energy leaves the battery and is transformed into electrical energy as it moves through the wire- the electrical energy is transformed into light, sound, and even heat energy.

  12. Wire • Copper wire is the best conductor • Conductors allow electrical energy to flow through them • Insulated wire keeps the electricity from flowing through your hands when you touch it • Insulators do not allow electrical energy to flow through them. • For electricity to flow, the metal ends of the wire must have a good connection with the metal of other objects (battery, lightbulb)

  13. Check for Understanding • What is a conductor? • Other than a copper wire, what are some other examples of electrical conductors? • What is the opposite of a conductor? • Can you name some examples of those?

  14. Answers • Conductors allow electrical energy to flow • Metals are conductors. Examples include bronze, silver, chrome, iron, aluminum, etc. • An insulator is the opposite of a conductor • Insulator examples include plastic, glass, rope

  15. Light Bulb • Considered a resistor • Resists the flows of electricity through it or • Slows down the flow of electricity (friction) • This is why heat is produced, and not just light

  16. Check for Understanding • What is electrical resistance? • What are examples of resistors? • Why do resistors produce heat?

  17. Answers • Something that resists the flow of electricity • Examples of resistors include a light bulb, a simple motor, a doorbell, a speaker, a fan motor, etc • If a material has a high resistance, it means electricity will struggle to get through it. The more the electricity has to struggle, the more energy is converted to heat energy. 

  18. Simple Circuit • The electrical energy flows out of the negative terminal of the battery, flows through the wire, through the loop in the light bulb, back out another wire, and enters into the positive end of the battery

  19. Check for Understanding • Can you draw an example of a simple circuit on the board? • Using only three parts? A wire, battery, and bulb? • Make sure the ends of the wire touch the correct places on the battery and bulb.

  20. Answers

  21. Video Clip on Circuits • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSukRnxGy5c

  22. Two Types of Circuits • Series Circuit- there is only one pathway for electricity to flow • Parallel Circuit- there is more than one pathway for electricity to flow Series Parallel

  23. Series or Parallel?

  24. Answer • Parallel Circuit

  25. Series or Parallel?

  26. Answer • Series Circuit

  27. Series or Parallel?

  28. Answer • Series Circuit

  29. Check for Understanding • Which circuit will allow one light bulb to remain lit if the other bulb is removed? • Which circuit has only one pathway for electricity to flow?

  30. Answers • Parallel Circuit -other light will remain lit • Series Circuit -only one pathway

  31. TCAP Practice Question 1

  32. Answer • C

  33. TCAP Practice Question 2

  34. Answer • B

  35. TCAP Practice Question 3

  36. Answer • C

  37. TCAP Practice Question 4

  38. Answer • B

  39. TCAP Practice Question 5

  40. Answer • B

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