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Chordates

Zoology Donald Winslow 4 April 2008. Chordates. Following Hickman et al. 2008, Ch 23 pp 497-506, 508-510, 512 (protochordates & early vertebrates) ‏ Ch 24 515-540 (fishes); Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians) ‏ Ch 26 563-582 (reptiles); Ch 27 586-610 (birds); Ch 28 613-640 (mammals) ‏.

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Chordates

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  1. Zoology Donald Winslow 4 April 2008 Chordates Following Hickman et al. 2008, Ch 23 pp 497-506, 508-510, 512 (protochordates & early vertebrates)‏ Ch 24 515-540 (fishes); Ch 25 544-559 (amphibians)‏ Ch 26 563-582 (reptiles); Ch 27 586-610 (birds); Ch 28 613-640 (mammals)‏

  2. Characteristics of chordates • Notocord, often endoskeleton • Dorsal hollow nerve cords • Often predators • Pharyngeal gill slits, often become gills • Paired appendages—fins, limbs, wings • Postanal tail • Segmented myotomes

  3. Phylum Chordata • Subphylum Urochordata—tunicates • Subphylum Cephalochordata—lancelets • Subphylum Vertebrata (Craniata)‏ • The fishes (paraphyletic)‏ • Class Amphibia (paraphyletic)‏ • Class Reptilia (paraphyletic)‏ • Class Aves (monophyletic)‏ • Class Mammalia (monophyletic)‏

  4. Quasi-cladistic classification • Chordata • Urochordata • Euchordata • Cephalochordata • Craniata • Myxini (hagfishes)‏ • Petromyzontida (lampreys)‏ • Gnathostomata (jawed fishes & tetrapods)‏ • Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)‏ • Teleostomi (bony fishes & tetrapods)‏

  5. The Teleostomi • Osteichthyes (bony fishes)‏ • Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)‏ • Class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes)‏ • Tetrapoda (terrestrial four-legged beasts)‏ • Class Amphibia • Amniota • Class Reptilia & Class Aves (birds)‏ • Class Mammalia

  6. The Fishes • Pisces, ichthyology • Superclass Agnatha (jawless fishes)‏ • Slender, eel-like, median fins • Cartilaginous skeleton, persistent notochord • No vertebrae • External fertilization, separate sexes • Superclass Gnathostomata • Jawed fishes & tetrapods

  7. Superclass Agnatha • Class Myxini (hagfishes)‏ • Feed on dead & dying animals, knots • Class Petromyzontida (lampreys)‏ • Ectoparasites • Larvae (ammocoetes) resemble Amphioxus

  8. Gnathostomes • Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)‏ • Subclass Elasmobranchii (sharks & rays)‏ • Subclass Holocephali (chimaeras)‏ • Osteichthyes (bony fishes)‏ • Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)‏ • Chondrosteans (sturgeon, paddlefish, bichir)‏ • Neopterygians (bowfins, gars, teleosts)‏ • Class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes)‏ • Lungfishes & coelacanth

  9. Spotted Gar

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