Orange Peel: Nature's Chemistry and Practical Applications

1. Oranges are the only fruit (that can do all this)

2. Where does it fit? • SCN 3-17b: I can participate in practical activities to extract useful substances from natural resources. • National 4 - Nature’s Chemistry Plants to products • Higher (Revised) - Consumer Chemistry 8) Fragrances a) Essential oils b) Terpenes

4. Is that it?

5. naringin flavonoids nobiletin neohesperidin polymethoxyflavones β-carotene Vitamins C & E limonin pectin hesperidin coumarins carotenoids 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin hydroxycinnamic acid phenolic acids decanal d-limonene citrantin ethanal bergapten aldehydes octanal α-ylangene ethyl butyrate Octadecadienoic acid octanol O- and C-glycosylated flavones

6. O P E C The Orange Peel Exploitation Company

7. Limonene 1.5% 90% • Fragrance • Flavouring • Industrial solvent

8. Pectin 30% Gelling D-galacturonic acid

9. Other Compounds β-carotene Cellulose cellulose acetate methyl cellulose

10. Water cleaning