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Chap 9 TCP/IP

Chap 9 TCP/IP. Andres, Wen-Yuan Liao Department of Computer Science and Engineering De Lin Institute of Technology andres@dlit.edu.tw http://www.cse.dlit.edu.tw/~andres. Overview. TCP/IP operation TCP/IP protocol stack component Reliable and unreliable transport layer protocols

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Chap 9 TCP/IP

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  1. Chap 9 TCP/IP Andres, Wen-Yuan Liao Department of Computer Science and Engineering De Lin Institute of Technology andres@dlit.edu.tw http://www.cse.dlit.edu.tw/~andres

  2. Overview • TCP/IP operation • TCP/IP protocol stack component • Reliable and unreliable transport layer protocols • ICMP/ARP/RARP

  3. The TCP/IP Protocol Suite  • TCP/IP protocols & the OSI model • The application layer • The transport layer • TCP and UDP segment format • Port numbers • Three-way handshake • Acknowledgment & windowing

  4. TCP/IP protocols and the OSI model • Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) • TCP/IP is the de facto standard for internetwork communications

  5. TCP/IP • A universally available protocol • A useful reference for understanding other protocols • Be important because the router uses it as a configuration tool

  6. TCP/IP • The layers most closely affected by TCP/IP are Layer 7, Layer 4, and Layer 3 • Enable communication among any set of interconnected networks

  7. Application layer • Supports addressing protocols and network management • Has protocols for file transfer, e-mail, and remote login

  8. translating names of domains and their publicly advertised network nodes into addresses Translate names of domains into addresses

  9. WINS • Windows Internet Naming Service • Microsoft-developed standard for Microsoft Windows NT that automatically associates NT workstations with Internet domain names

  10. HOSTS • A file created by network administrators and maintained on servers • Be used to provide static mapping between IP addresses and computer names

  11. SMTP • Simple Mail Transport Protocol • Governs the transmission of e-mail over computer networks • Does not provide support for transmission of data other than plain text

  12. SNMP • Simple Network Management Protocol • Provides a means to monitor and control network devices, and to manage configurations, statistics collection, performance and security

  13. FTP • File Transfer Protocol • A reliable connection-oriented service that uses TCP to transfer files between systems that support FTP • Supports bi-directional binary file and ASCII file transfers

  14. TFTP • Trivial File Transfer Protocol • A connectionless unreliable service • Be useful in some LANs because it operates faster than FTP in a stable environment

  15. HTTP • Hypertext Transfer Protocol • Supports the exchange of information on the WWW • Supports many different file types, including text, graphic, sound, and video

  16. Troubleshooting protocols  • Telnet • PING • Traceroute • NBSTAT • NETSTAT • ipconfig/winipcfg

  17. NBSTAT • To troubleshoot NetBIOS name resolution • Be used to view and remove entries from the name cache

  18. NETSTAT • Provides information about TCP/IP statistics • Be used to provide information about the status of TCP/IP connections and summaries of ICMP, TCP, and UDP

  19. ipconfig/winipcfg • View current network settings for all ip (nic) adapters on a device • Be used to view the MAC address, IP address, and gateway

  20. Transport layer • End-to-end service (segment) • Layer 4 data stream • A logical connection between the endpoints of a network • Provides transport services from a host to a destination

  21. TCP • A connection-oriented, reliable protocol • Flow control: sliding windows • Reliability: sequence numbers and acknowledgments • Re-sends/Virtual circuit • Provides guaranteed delivery

  22. UDP • Connectionless and unreliable • Responsible for transmitting messages • No software checking • Advantage: speed • No acknowledgments/less traffic is sent/making the transfer faster

  23. Protocols using UDP • TFTP • SNMP • Network File System (NFS) • Domain Name System (DNS)

  24. TCP and UDP port numbers • Use port numbers to pass information to the upper layers • Keep track of the different conversations • Well-known port numbers

  25. Port numbers assignment • Numbers below 255 are for public applications • Numbers 255-1023 are assigned to companies for marketable applications • Numbers above 1023 are unregulated

  26. Originating source port numbers, usually some numbers larger than 1023, are dynamically assigned by the source host

  27. Three-way handshake • Connection establishment • The two end stations must synchronize on each other's initial TCP sequence numbers (ISNs) • Sequence numbers • Track the order of packets and to ensure that no packets are lost

  28. Simple acknowledgment and windowing • To govern the flow of data between devices, TCP uses a peer-to-peer flow control mechanism

  29. Window size • The number of bytes that are transmitted before receiving an acknowledgment

  30. Acknowledgments • TCP uses expectational acknowledgments, meaning that the acknowledgment number refers to the octet expected next

  31. Sliding window • The sliding • The window size is negotiated dynamically during the TCP session • A larger window size allows more data to be transmitted

  32. Sequence and acknowledgment numbers • Each datagram is numbered • At the receiver, TCP reassembles the segments into a complete message • If a sequence number is missing in the series, that segment is retransmitted (timeout)

  33. Layer 3 Concepts • TCP/IP and the Internet Layer • Diagram the IP datagram • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) • How ARP works

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