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FRAME INTERVENTIONS. Modifying the Vision of the Problem. Menos de lo mismo Sugerencias y directivas Tareas Excepciones Escalas Pregunta del milagro Enfoque en el futuro Desenmarcado y Reenmarcado cognitivo Intervención en pautas de comportamiento Analogía Paradoja
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FRAME INTERVENTIONS Modifying the Vision of the Problem
Menos de lo mismo • Sugerencias y directivas • Tareas • Excepciones • Escalas • Pregunta del milagro • Enfoque en el futuro • Desenmarcado y Reenmarcado cognitivo • Intervención en pautas de comportamiento • Analogía • Paradoja • Intervenciones Estructurales Familiares • Uso de Genogramas
FACTS What is happening “out there” that our senses can perceive and codify MEANINGS Interpretations, conclusions and attributions derived from facts, or related to them FACTS AND MEANINGS
UNFRAMING A process by which the therapist defies (directly or indirectly) the meanings that the client associates the situation with, without suggesting a new frame REFRAMING A process by which the therapist suggests or encourages the development of a new or alternative frame or meaning for a situation Unframing vs. Reframing For any kind of therapy, these two processes are the basis for change to occur
TIPS FOR REFRAMING • It needs to hold some resemblance to the client's “reality”. • Be careful not to invalidate the client's truth
TIPS FOR REFRAMING • Make sure that the new frame transcends from the therapist's office to the “real world” • Use positive connotations • Remember that reframes are your hypothesis, subjected to validation, or invalidation by the client
Exercise: Develop Reframes for the following client's perceptions • I was raped, thus I feel different from other people, I feel like a “bad” and “dirty” girl • I am fatter than other people, that is why I need to throw up so I can keep up with society's demands • There must be something wrong with me, other people do not have these irrational fear of closed spaces • I am not in love with my husband and I feel bad for him, I feel like I'm torturing him, and he is the victim