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The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Chapter 16. The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance. Questions prepared by Louise Paquin McDaniel College. Who conducted the X-ray diffraction studies that were key to the discovery of the structure of DNA?. a) Griffith b) Franklin c) Meselson and Stahl d) Chargaff e) McClintock.

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The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

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  1. Chapter 16 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Questions prepared by Louise Paquin McDaniel College

  2. Who conducted the X-ray diffraction studies that were key to the discovery of the structure of DNA? • a) Griffith • b) Franklin • c) Meselson and Stahl • d) Chargaff • e) McClintock

  3. How do the leading and the lagging strands differ? • The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction. • The leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand. • The lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together. • The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end.

  4. The DNA ModelWhat kind of evidence about the structure of DNA came from each of the following branches of science? • physics • chemistry • biology

  5. The Genetic MaterialIf the result of the Hershey and Chase experiment had been that radioactive sulfur (35S) was found inside the cells instead of radioactive phosphorous (32P), what could have been concluded?

  6. Semiconservative ReplicationDefine and diagram “semiconservative” as it applies to DNA replication.

  7. ReplicationIf a segment of DNA (circular or linear) is able to replicate, it must include which of the following? • two double helices • at least one origin of replication • at least 3 million nucleotide pairs • two or more mutated regions • a binding site for ligase

  8. Replication EnzymesIn what order do the following enzymes and polypeptides function during replication? • single-strand binding proteins • DNA polymerase III • helicase • primase • topoisomerase • ligase • DNA polymerase I

  9. ReplicationWhere and how is a new nucleotide added to the DNA strand during replication? What enzyme is needed?

  10. TelomeresTelomeres, or the ends of linear chromosomes, have special structure and function, even though they are non-coding. Describe their structure and function.

  11. Shortened EndsWhat enzyme does a gamete-producing cell include that compensates for replication-associated shortening? • DNA polymerase II • ligase • telomerase • DNA nuclease • proofreading enzyme

  12. PackagingArrange the following in order of size, from smallest to largest. • scaffolded domains • double helix • metaphase chromosome • nucleosome • 30 nm fiber

  13. HeterochromatinWhich of the following is true of heterochromatin but not of euchromatin? • It is accessible to enzymes needed for gene expression. • It becomes less tightly compacted after cell division. • It includes DNA primarily found in expressed genes. • It appears more pale when observed microscopically. • It remains tightly coiled at the G1 phase.

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