Fall Hazards

1. Fall Hazards

3. Roofs

4. Methods of Roof Fall Protection Fall Arrest Safety Monitors Guardrails and warning lines

5. Safety Monitor • Oversees work outside the warning lines. • Establishes the procedure to protect. • Workers must receive special training. • Use should be extremely limited

7. Warning Line Requirementsfor Roofers • Set at 34 – 39 inches • Must be maintained at all times. • Workers outside warning lines must be tied-off or have safety monitor.

8. High Roof Warning Line Lines adequately set Lines too close to edge

9. Outside Warning Lines • Parapet up to at least 39" • Fall Restraint • Fall Arrest • Safety Monitors

10. Roof Guardrails

11. Roof Fall Arrest Restraint

12. Open Sided Floors & Edges • Open edges on decks, roof, mezzanines, etc. over 6' high must be protected

13. Stay Back from Edges • Stay away from edges unless work requires it • Always face the edge • Work from your knees Fall Hazard

14. Warning Line For Non-Roofing Work • Warning lines for non-roofing work must be at least 15 feet back from holes or edges. • These warning lines should only be used temporarily. • Workers outside the warning line must be tied off.

15. Guardrails

16. Guardrail Coverage Bad Better

17. Holes • Covers • Guardrails

18. Material Handling Platforms & Hoist Areas • Material handling platforms must have guardrails • When the guardrails are opened to receive material, workers must be tied off • Gates are preferred to removable rails

19. Don’t Create a Greater Hazard

20. Practical Implications of Total & Free Fall Distance Added Together • This worker is tied to the beam with a basket hitch. • How far will he fall? • What about swing?

21. Total 11’ travel distance of d-ring before fall arrest takes effect. This potential impact force exceeds many lanyard capacities (and OSHA standards). When added to “total fall distance”, anchoring at the feet can become problematic 5’ From D-Ring to Worker’s Feet 6’ Lanyard Length 3.5’ Deceleration Device 5’ From D-Ring to Worker’s Feet 3’ Safety Factor (stretch, bounce, etc.) Free Fall Distance or “Vertical Displacement” All distances are approximate, and shown for illustration only. This is why it is critical to maintain the safety factor distance!

22. Harness Pressure Points Spread load across butt strap and belt strap if on the harness Excess pressure here can cut blood flow to the legs Some studies have indicated permanent damage to the lower extremities when the worker hangs for more than twenty (20) minutes

23. Slip & Trip Hazards- Housekeeping! • Watch trip hazards • Here trash creates a trip hazard for everyone in the building

24. Stairways • Stair pans should not be used for access until poured, and until guardrails and handrails installed • Be sure all debris is removed immediately

25. Scaffolds & Ladders

26. Scaffold Requirements • Be on a firm foundation with base plates • Be plumb, square and adequately braced • Have a fully planked work deck • Have guardrails over 10 feet • Be tied-in over 4:1 height to base ratio • Have an adequate means of access and egress

27. Good Foundations Mason’s Adjustable Frames Hydro-mobile

28. Access • No access by cross braces • Bottom rung can not be more than 24" high • You must use a ladder or frames designed to be used as ladders

29. Proper Access Ladder tied into scaffold Ladder Platform Ladder Frame Stairway Frame

30. Baker-type Scaffolds • Baker scaffolds can be unstable • Never use a double stack without outriggers

31. Suspended Scaffolds No tie-back • Outriggers must be properly set and have safety tie-backs • Equipment must be regularly inspected and maintained. • Workers must have independent lifelines

33. Falling Object Protection1926.451(h) • Toe boards at edges of platforms • Use panels or screens when accessed from below • Barricade areas below • Use canopies where walkways cross underneath

34. Fall Protection in Lifts Scissors Lift Aerial Boom Lift Fall protection required. No fall protection required unless he gets off the floor

35. Ladder Types • Type I-AA ladders are extra heavy duty and can handle up to 375 lbs. • Type I-A ladders are heavy-duty and can handle up to 300 lbs. • Type I ladders can hold up to 250 lbs. • Type II ladders can hold 225 lbs. • Type III ladders are for light duty only and can hold up to 200 lbs.

36. Read the Warning Labels • Labels are there for a reason!

37. Proper Ladder Climbing • Use both hands to climb a ladder • Always face the ladder when climbing, descending or working • Avoid the top two steps of a stepladder and the top four rungs on other ladders

38. Don’t Lean a Step Ladder • The ladder is not designed to be leaned. • The angle of the steps is not level when set at 4:1. • The support leg can contact the ground causing the step leg to kick out.

39. Do Not Stand On The Top Step!!! Obey the Labels!! NO!

40. When employees work above railings, they must be protected from falling over the railings. Working Above Protections

41. Extra Guardrails

42. Proper Access Ladders • Ladders should be set at 1 horizontal to 4 vertical • Ladders must be secured • Ladder access ways must be guarded • Ladders must extend 3' above the landing surface, or an adequate grabrail must be provided

43. Access Ways • Offset guardrails are recommended • Watch for tripping hazards at tops of ladders and stairs

44. Bridges

45. Cap or Beam Setting

46. Falls While Decking Leading edges must be protected

47. Bridge Fall Protection • Bridge edges must be protected • When working over water flotation devices must be worn

48. Equipment • Do not jump from equipment • Use three point contact at all times • Be sure of your footing • Do not strain your shoulders • Be sure steps are clear of mud and ice

49. Proper Seats • Everyone must be in a proper seat with a seat belt . • No riding on steps or running boards!

50. Incident Free • Planning • Planning for fall protection in advance • Have appropriate equipment available. • Training • Workers exposed to falls must be properly trained. • Workers must be properly trained to erect scaffolds. • Workers must be trained in proper ladder use. • Inspection • Fall arrest equipment must be inspected before each use. • Scaffolds must be inspected by a competent person. • Ladders must be inspected.