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SOC 531: Community Organization

SOC 531: Community Organization . Walton’s Stories of Monterey. When Was Monterey Created?. Prehistory: Eric Wolf, Europe and the People Without History (University of California, 1982) Native Americans (pp. 14-17 in Walton) - 200-400 people in triblet (village) Six extended families

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SOC 531: Community Organization

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  1. SOC 531: Community Organization Walton’s Stories of Monterey

  2. When Was Monterey Created? • Prehistory: Eric Wolf, Europe and the People Without History (University of California, 1982) • Native Americans (pp. 14-17 in Walton) • - 200-400 people in triblet (village) • Six extended families • Hunters and gatherers • Fighting with other triblets • Coastal center of trade/commerce • By 1770, 3,000 people in 20-30 villages

  3. Spaniards (pp. 21-3) • 1770: 43 men in military outpost • Soldiers made to work • Problems with desertion • Fraternization, trade with Native Americans • Concubinage and rape of Indian women • Franciscans in Mission • Teachers of European civilization • Religious • secular

  4. Mission • Serra built Carmel Mission in 1871 • Water and land • Distance from soldiers • Mission recruited women and children but undermined Indian society • Submission of weak • Resistance by strong • But not self-sufficient • Irregular supply ships • Dependent on Indians for food • 1875: Soldiers married Indians and formed artisanal town of Carmel

  5. Spanish Period: 1770-1820 • Presidio • Mission • Village (becomes Monterey) • Class conflict (pp. 39-40) • Labor discipline (p. 39) • Honor among thieves (p. 40)

  6. Mexican Period: 1924-1946 • Mission (pp. 60-61) • Lost political support • Remained economic resource • Presidio: soldiers in two barracks (p. 66) • Town: 700 persons (including soldiers) • 88 residences in 1836 (p. 66) • Hinterland • 28 ranches with 587 people

  7. Mexican Period (continued) • Presidio and soldiers dominated town • 52 single men (in barracks) • 15 families (in houses) • Farmers were numerous • 35 households • Garden plots • Artisans, Merchants, Professionals • Large Middle class

  8. Occupations for Households in Monterey, 1836

  9. Monterey 1836 • Large middle class • Petty bourgeois concerns with trade and public order (pp. 72-74) • Expanding land grants (p. 76) • Around 30 Spanish land grants in State • Over 800 Mexican land grants • Expanding trade and influx of Anglo-American capital (pp. 78-79)

  10. Bourgeois Revolution? • Clearly Yankee merchant and landed capitalist support for independence • Bourgeois colonial revolt • Similar to 1776? • Context of sectional and international politics • Class conflict and political rights of labor • “Indian agency” and class struggle (p. 94) • Citizenship and political claims (pp. 96-97)

  11. Yankee Progress/Property: 1846-87 • Land: divesting/stealing municipal lands • Growing inequality • Racial/ethnic conflict (changing form and content) • Speculators versus squatters • Revolution from above • Railroads • Ranchers/speculators • Tourism • Pacific Improvement Co • Hotel Del Monte

  12. Industry and Community: 1917-1938 • Del Monte Properties versus Ethnic working class (p. 183) • Fishing industry • Race and politics (p. 183) • Overfishing and collapse in 1950s (p. 191) • Class, status, community • Fishermen (Table 3., p. 193) • Sicilian, Japanese, Spanish • Tight-knit ethnic family businesses (kin-based) • Catholic women (pp. 201-5)

  13. Class Status and Community (cont) • Cannery (Table 4, pp. 196-7) • Employers • Employees • U.S. born • women • Class relations • Fishermen: share of catch • Cannery: piece or wage rate; • Unionization (p. 201) • AFL-CIO struggles (pp. 211-3)

  14. Historical Present • Urban renewal in 1950s and 1960s (pp. 240-9) • Big business development interests • Petty bourgeois commercial and working class residential resistance • Environmentalism (pp. 249-56) • in 1970s • Smart growth coalition emerging

  15. Five Communities in Monterey • Native American commercial center for hunting and gathering triblets • Outpost of New Spain • Mission farm • Presidio • Village: artisans and traders

  16. Five Communities (continued) • Beyond the reach of Mexico • Mission farm without Spanish support • Californio Rancho hinterland develops • Caucus of land and commercial interests (see Barrington Moore, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Beacon Press, 1966) • Californio cattlemen and Yankee merchants (see Hogan 1990; Robert Dykstra, Cattle Towns (Knopf, 1968)

  17. Five Communities (cont.) • American fishing village (Cannery Row) • Large land and tourism interests: RR & hotel, Pebble Beach, Carmel, etc. • Small ethnic fishermen • Large factory production in canneries • Postindustrial Tourist town • Military returns • Reconstructing historic Monterey • Shopkeeper, hippy, environmental No Growth folks • Suburban/urban Growth Machine

  18. Five Communities • Common characteristics • Geographical: place/space • Economic: people lived and worked • Commercial/industrial center for rural hinterland • Changes • Modes of production • Industry • Political sovereignty

  19. Modes of Production Distinguished by Base for Surplus Extraction and Extent of Surplus Extraction and Redistribution (Based on Wolf 1982, Chapter 3)

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