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Dr. John Ashworth Senior Soil Scientist

Analytical and regulatory requirements for barium in soils and drilling wastes. Dr. John Ashworth Senior Soil Scientist. 2012 D-50.

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Dr. John Ashworth Senior Soil Scientist

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  1. Analytical and regulatory requirements for barium in soils and drilling wastes Dr. John Ashworth Senior Soil Scientist

  2. 2012 D-50

  3. Typically a mixture of water and clay, drilling fluids (mud) may contain other additives. Barite is a commonly added weighting agent, used to improve the viscosity and density of the fluid, to counterbalance the formation pressure as well as carry cuttings to the surface.

  4. Typically a mixture of water and clay, drilling fluids (mud) may contain other additives. Barite is a commonly added weighting agent, used to improve the viscosity and density of the fluid, to counterbalance the formation pressure as well as carry cuttings to the surface.

  5. Society of Petroleum Engineers and International Association of Drilling Contractors (SPE/IADC) Paper by Deuel and Freeman, read at SPE/IADC Conference in New Orleans, Louisiana (Feb. 1989) “Efforts to close existing pits within on-site criteria have been frustrated by unexpected problems with Ba. Treatment often included dilution techniques whereby waste materials are incorporated into the native soil. Operators have observed, in many cases, higher Ba levels following treatment than initially.” “It was suggested from the experiments and surveys in this study that the strong acid digest Ba level is not a reliable index for regulatory purposes. It is recommended that Ba be regulated from a “true” total metal analysis perspective.”

  6. 99,000 1,400 19,000 12,500 9,700 Bamix = [ BawastexDBD + Basoilx R x 1540 ] / [ DBD + Rx1540 ] R = mix ratio. DBD = waste dry bulk density. Typical soil density = 1540 g/L For this waste, DBD was approx. 1,000 g/L, based on SG = 1.6 All total Ba results (XRF data) in the Table agree with values predicted by the D-50 weighted-average formula

  7. Axiom Environmental, 2004 (Miles Tindal)

  8. Fusion-ICP method 3 ICP spectrometer 2 1 Agitate crucible + flux with acid Muffle furnace, 1000 C Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Solid sample + Li borate in graphite crucible XRF method X-rays Detector Read-out Total Ba Non-destructive Instantaneous Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba

  9. Katanax auto fluxer

  10. BaSO4 = BaO + SO3 BaO + 2HNO3 = Ba(NO3)2 + H2O BaSO4 + 4C = BaS + 4CO BaS + 2HNO3 = Ba(NO3)2 + H2S

  11. Crucibles are arranged in a listed order 0.20 g soil + 0.45 g each of Li metaborate & tetraborate (Note: no oxidizing agent) Placed in same order in muffle furnace 2BaSO4 + C + 2H2O = 2Ba(OH)2 + CO2+ 2SO2 Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 = Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O

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