Hydrogen risk assessment in São Paulo State – Brazil

4th International Conference on Hydrogen SafetyICHS 2011 12 - 14 September 2011 San Francisco, CA, USA Hydrogen risk assessment in São Paulo State – Brazil Newton PimentaSandro TomazGiuseppe Michelino 198_NevesN

São Paulo State (SP) • Municipalities: 645 • Population: • 41 million inhabitants • 95% urban • Gross Domestic Product: 34% of the country • 21 million vehicles • 108,000 industries FONTES: IBGE, DETRAN-SP

SP Environmental Protection Agency (CETESB)

CETESB Main Objectives • Evaluation of environmental quality Air - Water - Soil • Inspection of environmental pollution sources • Technology transfer in the environmental field • Prevention - environmental licensing • Main focus is outside the walls.

VILA SOCÓ - CUBATÃO CITY 04/Feb/1984 GASOLINE PIPELINE RUPTURE FOLLOWED BY FIRE Source: Banco de Imagens da CETESB/1984

500 victims 93 deaths Source: Petrobrás

Licensing - Prevention Environmental Licensing Previous and Installation License Operational License Risk Analysis (RA)

Hazardous substanceand quantity (RD) Off-site Vulnerability QRA? NO YES Off-site scenarios selection ConsequenceAnalysis FrequencyAnalysis CETESB’s Risk Analysis Flowchart Risk estimation (Societal & Individual) Needriskreduction? YES Risk reduction measures NO Risk Management Program

Risk Management Program (RMP) • Process Safety Information • Management of Change • Operating Procedures • Training • Assuring the Quality and Mechanical Integrity of Critical Equipment • Emergency Response and Control • Investigation of Incidents • Audit of Risk Management Systems

Comparison: QRA x RMP Quantitative Risk Analysis: Expensive Subject to greater uncertainties Time-consuming Risk Management Program Not expensive Simple Less time used in analysis Reference Distance supports the decision-making

Reference Distance (RD) • Reference Distance (RD) • Maximum distance reached by 0.1 bar overpressure from vapour cloud explosion (1% death). • Instantaneous release of 20% of the inventory of a vessel/tank • Cloud dispersion to Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) • Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE) • Software PHAST 6.54 determines the “worst case” consequences for an explosion. • Chart: RD x Mass

Hydrogen RD Chart and VCE Vapour Cloud Explosion Hydrogen RD Chart Distance to 0.1 bar Cloudcenter Leaksource LFL Reference Distance (m) Simulation : weather conditions

RD Application Population inside RD circle? NO Risk Management Program (RMP) YES QRA

Example of RD Application • Four interconnected hydrogen vessels, each one with 250 kg (total 1,000 kg) • Chart indicates a RD of 81 m • Is there population inside the RD circle? From the figure the answer is YES • Conclusion: the facility must submit a full QRA to CETESB

Example of RD Application

Discussion • The assumptions may be conservative in some cases. For example: it does not consider any protective system • Initial screening • Covers storage cases • Not for continuous process

Conclusion • Not the worst case, but conservative • Simple, easy to aplly and cheaper • Money / time saving

Thank you! Obrigado! São Paulo Environmental Protection Agency Brazilian Reference Center for Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen Laboratory at Unicamp Contacts: Sandro Tomaz sandrot@cetesbnet.sp.gov.br Giuseppe Michelino giuseppem@cetesbnet.sp.gov.br Newton Pimenta nevesjr@ifi.unicamp.br

Hydrogen risk assessment in São Paulo State – Brazil