World 100m running record progression: men

2. World 100m running record progression: men

3. Swimmers Improved Much Faster Than Runners Men’s 400m run: 43.8 (1968) to 43.18 (2011) Men’s 100m swim: 52.2 (1968) to 46.91 (2011)

4. Ages of world records

5. 11 women’s world records are more than 20 yrs old 2 men’s records are more than 20 years old

6. The Triathlon is Biased ! Winner spent 16.7% of the time swimming, 28.3% running, 0.8% in transitions, and 54.2% cycling !

7. The Equitempered Triathlon Roughly equal time on each discipline Current event 1.5 km swim + 40 km bike ride +10 km run Better to keep the total time roughly the same – say 1 hr 48m with equal 36 min time on each of the three stages New event should be 3 km swim + 24 km bike ride + 12 km run A Major Improvement !

8. Why Carry Do Tightrope Walkers Carry Long Poles ? Phillipe Petit, 1974 Don’t try this at home! ….and don’t wear bell-bottomed trousers

9. Inertia • High inertia • Slow to move • Low inertia • Quick to move • Mass M • Average radius R • mass spreadC high low Moment of Inertia = C  Mass  (Radius)2

10. Large inertia means you wobble more slowly Period of wobble oscillation  (inertia)

13. Stable Unstable

14. Inertia in Sports • Divers • Skaters • Tennis players • Cyclists • Runners Decreasing inertia Increases rate of spin:   1/r2

15. Rigging Rowing Eights

16. Rowing Has Its Moments +N F and F -N

17. The Wiggling Boat s Moment on boat = -Ns + N(s+r) - N(s+2r) + N(s+3r) = +2Nr Then, half a stroke later…N reverses to –N and.. Moment on boat = -2Nr

18. The Italian Rig s r r r Moment = -Ns + N(s+r) + N(s+2r) - N(s+3r) = 0 No wiggle!

19. Four no-wiggle rigs for eights ‘Italian tandem Rig ’ Moment = 1-2-3+4+5-6-7+8 = 0 New* Moment = 1-2-3+4-5+6+7-8 = 0 ‘German Rig’ Moment = 1-2+3-4-5+6-7+8 = 0 New* Moment = 1+2-3-4-5-6+7+8 = 0

20. Canada used the German rig to win 2008 Olympics ! 1-2+3-4-5+6-7+8 = 0

21. Naim Suleymanoglu (b.1967) lifts 3 times his body weight (= 64kg)

22. Weight Classes Why do we have them in boxing, wrestling, judo and weightlifting? But not in Shot put, hammer, rowing, …..? Why not height classes in high jump and basketball?

23. Strength versus Size Strength is proportional to area R2 Weight is proportional to volume  R3

24. Strength and Weight strength  (weight)2/3 Giants eventually break!

25. (strength)3 (weight)2

26. Air Drag  Speed V Area, A(Bolt) • Mass of tube of air swept in time t is   A’  V  t = ma • = air density A’ = c  A(runner) is the ‘effective’ body area c = drag factor Drag force from still air = -maV/t = - c A V2 Drag force with wind speed W = - c A (V - W)2 Following wind is + and Headwind is –

27. Running around in the Wind Drag force with wind speed W is  (V - W)2 Power needed = Force x velocity V(V - W)2 Following wind is + and Headwind is – Disadvantage of headwind and crosswind beats the advantage of a tailwind of the same magnitude K(V+W)2 Wind speed W in this direction Drag round square track Runner runs at speed V in still air K(V2+W2) K(V2+W2) Drag Force per lap = 4K(V2 + W2)  4KV2 K = constant K(V-W)2 It’s always slower running laps in the wind Windy 400m- 10,000m races will be slower

28. Steady Pace Is Always More Economical Go at speed U for dist x then at W = U for dist y = x/ or Go at speed ½ (U + W) for dist x+ y in the same time so  = 1 Change speed y at W x at U x + y at ½ (U + W) Same speed all the way Work needed  ( speed)3  time (Work at varied pace) (Work at steady pace) = 1 + 3( - 1)2/ ( + 1)2  1

29. The Velodrome Heated air at track level Means Faster cycling

30. Hot air rises ! Drag force from still air  air c A V2 Air Density Falls with Temperature

31. Air Drag at Track Level in the London Velodrome Drag Force  air × frontal area × V2 Just like an ‘altitude-assisted’ performance Worth 1.5 sec over 4K pursuit